Question 1

Contemporary theories of counseling:

Accepted Answer

A)   are grounded on assumptions that are a part of Eastern culture.
B)   emphasize the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength.
C)   focus on interdependence and losing self in the totality of the cosmos.
D)   emphasizes the social and cultural facts of human existence. B

Question 2

The movement toward grounding psychotherapy practice on a scientific foundation led to the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)   differential diagnosis.
B)   psychometric testing.
C)   psychological diagnosis.
D)   empirically supported treatments. D

Question 3

______________________is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making______________________a statement about the current status of a client.

Accepted Answer

A)   Medical diagnosis
B)   Differential diagnosis
C)   Psychodiagnosis
D)   Cognitive appraisal C

Question 4

______________________were developed for a wide range of psychological disorders. Their success ushered in the movement toward empirically supported treatments and evidence-based practice.

Accepted Answer

A)   Family systems therapies
B)   Cognitive therapies
C)   Treatment manuals
D)   Behavioral therapies

Question 5

______________________is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Feminist therapy
B)   Evidence-based practice
C)   Behavior practice
D)   Systemic therapy

Question 6

______________________is the process of distinguishing one form of mental disorders from another by determining which of two (or more) disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from.

Accepted Answer

A)   Differential diagnosis
B)   Psychological diagnosis
C)   Assessment
D)   Psychometric testing

Question 7

______________________is based on a medical model of mental illness that defines problems as residing with the individual rather than in society. It does not take into account the political, economic, social, and cultural factors in the lives of clients.

Accepted Answer

A)   The DSM
B)   V-codes
C)   Confidentiality
D)   Informed consent

Question 8

A assigned to clients can have implications for their employment or future employability status.

Accepted Answer

A)   diagnosis
B)   empirically supported treatment
C)   assessment
D)   treatment manual

Question 9

It is important to understand the common used in your profession, even if you choose not to use them in your practice.

Accepted Answer

A)   diagnoses
B)   assessment tools
C)   confidentiality
D)   informed consent

Question 10

The purpose in using a technique is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitate movement.
B)   impress clients with your creativity and skill.
C)   help clients rationalize their feelings.
D)   trigger strong emotions.

Question 11

Practitioners who favor the use of diagnostic procedures argue that such procedures enable the therapists to:

Accepted Answer

A)   attach a label to the client, which stigmatizes them.
B)   identify a diagnosis that will follow the client for the rest of their life, possibly keeping them from being accepted by any future insurance company.
C)   identify a particular emotional or behavioral disorder, which helps in designing an appropriate treatment plan.
D)   pick and choose which symptoms truly fit the client's problems in order to create a diagnosis that will be reimbursed by insurance and remain on the client's record for possible future problems.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding evidence-based practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is synonymous with the term "empirically-supported treatments."
B)   Psychodynamic therapy falls under the category of evidence-based practice.
C)   Therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence-based practices" are unethical.
D)   Clinical practice should not be based on the best available research.

Question 13

Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Therapy is helpful to the majority of clients.
B)   Most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy.
C)   Generally speaking, therapies achieve similar outcomes.
D)   People change more due to specific factors.

Question 14

It is an ethical, and sometimes legal, obligation of therapists to be mindful that a medical evaluation is many times indicated. Which of the following is NOT a reason to refer for a medical evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dementia
B)   Schizophrenia
C)   Manic-depression
D)   Marital discord

Question 15

A theoretical orientation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct a counseling session.
B)   a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change.
C)   a conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a client's behavior.
D)   a set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.

Question 16

When a counselor works in a managed care system, client's goals need to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   long-term and all encompassing.
B)   aimed at character reconstruction.
C)   geared toward the client gaining insight into his or her problems and movement toward self-actualization.
D)   highly specific, limited to reduction of problematic symptoms, and often aimed at teaching coping skills.

Question 17

Some practitioners may over-diagnose, under-diagnose, or misdiagnose clients from marginalized groups. In order to avoid these issues, counselors need to:

Accepted Answer

A)   carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture without considering clients' past and present life circumstances.
B)   carefully consider the clients' past and present life circumstances only.
C)   carefully consider the clients' decisions in life with no regard of culture.
D)   carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture in conjunction with clients' past and present life circumstances.

Question 18

Not possessing the competence to use the DSM-5 appropriately raises an ethical issue. Practitioners who use the DSM diagnosis must be trained. This training requires learning more than diagnostic categories; it involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   understanding V- and D-codes.
B)   knowing how to make a diagnosis fit criteria accepted by an insurance company.
C)   knowing how to work within some kind of diagnostic and assessment framework but not needing a clear picture of the client's problem.
D)   knowing personality theory, psychopathology, and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

Question 19

______________________consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration.

Accepted Answer