Question 1

List four effective interventions for improving students' writing quality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four effective interventions for improving students'...

Question 2

Three-year-old Ben says, "Car go fast." His father responds, "The car is going fast." His father's correction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  labeling. 
B)  expanding. 
C)  recasting. 
D)  child-directed speech.

Question 3

A rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that usually begins at around 18 is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a vocabulary spurt. 
B)  underextension. 
C)  overextension. 
D)  telegraphic speech.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of writing in the early elementary years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some letter reversals are to be expected and do not predict literacy problems. 
B)  Writing requires a significant amount of practice. 
C)  Children often invent spellings based on the sounds they hear. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Describe the effects of and arguments for dual-language ELL instruction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the effects of and arguments for...

Question 6

The basic unit of sound that affects meaning in a language is a

Accepted Answer

A)  morpheme. 
B)  letter. 
C)  syllable. 
D)  phoneme.

Question 7

A child's first words mainly consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  familiar colors, names, food, places. 
B)  important people, animals, vehicles, simple grammatical words. 
C)  familiar shapes, places, greeting terms, body parts, clothes. 
D)  important people, familiar animals, vehicles, food, body parts, greeting terms.

Question 8

Sixty-five-year-old Ruth stops speaking to search her memory for the name of her daughter's dog, which she is confident she knows well. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphor. 
B)  dementia. 
C)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. 
D)  satire.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about language development is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants speak words before they understand them. 
B)  Infants understand words before they speak them. 
C)  Infants produce more nouns than verbs in their first words across all languages in the world. 
D)  Infants use verbal communication before nonverbal communication.

Question 10

An implied comparison between two unlike things is a

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphor. 
B)  satire. 
C)  caricature. 
D)  contrast.

Question 11

Between 18 months and 6 years of age, young children learn about

Accepted Answer

A)  1 word every waking hour. 
B)  10 words weekly. 
C)  30 words daily. 
D)  30 words weekly.

Question 12

Children's ability to make an initial connection between a word and its referent after only a limited exposure to the word is called

Accepted Answer

A)  telegraphic speech. 
B)  an overextension. 
C)  an underextension. 
D)  fast mapping.

Question 13

The fact that changes in word order can change the meaning of a sentence is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  phonology. 
D)  pragmatics.

Question 14

In English, we say "white house" (adjective precedes noun), but in Spanish one would say "casa blanca" (noun precedes adjective). This example illustrates different rules of

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  phonology. 
D)  pragmatics.

Question 15

Research comparing the approaches of whole-language and phonics has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  the whole-language approach produces superior reading skills. 
B)  the phonics approach is better used as support for a strategy that emphasizes the whole-language approach. 
C)  children can benefit from both approaches, but that phonics should be emphasized. 
D)  whichever approach is used at home will be most effective in school instruction.

Question 16

Marquessa is teaching her son to read by sounding out each letter in a word before allowing him to read storybooks. What approach is she using?

Accepted Answer

A)  whole-language 
B)  phonics 
C)  overgeneralization 
D)  underextension

Question 17

Which of the following is one of Baron's suggestions for facilitating language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Try to be serious and not playful. 
B)  Ask questions that require "Yes" or "No" answers. 
C)  Resist making normative comparisons. 
D)  Be firm in correcting children's idiosyncrasies.

Question 18

At what age can Emily expect her child to say, "Get shoes"?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 to 12 months 
B)  12 to 18 months 
C)  18 to 24 months 
D)  not until after 24 months

Question 19

According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration?

Accepted Answer

A)  single parents 
B)  welfare parents 
C)  middle-class parents 
D)  professional parents

Question 20

Young adolescents often speak a dialect with their peers that is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  unintelligible speech. 
B)  obscenity. 
C)  jargon and slang. 
D)  language patterns unique to adults.

Exam 9: Language Development