Question 1

The application of patient autonomy is based upon which of the following theories of ethical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virtue ethics 
B)  Consequentialism 
C)  Nonconsequentialism

Question 2

The term used to describe a person's ability to understand his or her health care conditions, treatment options, and ability to make his or her own decisions is

Accepted Answer

A)  judgment. 
B)  free will. 
C)  capacity. 
D)  cognition.

Question 3

The promotion of good for the public can be difficult, because good is defined according to differing values and belief systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is the recommended method of assuring that a patient has the capacity to make an informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using language at the sixth-grade level 
B)  Providing written instructions 
C)  Speaking very slowly while looking directly at the patient 
D)  Reaching out to the family, primary care physician, or surrogate decision maker

Question 5

All of the following statements are true; however, which one takes precedence over the rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  One ought not to inflict harm. 
B)  One ought to prevent harm. 
C)  One ought to remove harm. 
D)  One ought to do or promote good.

Question 6

Fundamental to the principle of justice is an effort to treat people who have similar needs in a similar or identical manner. All patients who seek treatment for the prevention of periodontal disease should receive the same level of care and attention from the dental hygienist regardless of personal or social characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true, the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

Question 7

Paternalism was more prevalent in health care in the past because the health care provider had superior knowledge and skills and because the patient expected the health care provider to make decisions in the best interest of the patient.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 8

Charitable service meets the needs of those who cannot access dental care for economic reasons, because many dental hygienists and dentists recognize their obligation to serve society.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following principles is concerned with providing individuals or groups with what is owed, due, or deserved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonmaleficence 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Autonomy 
D)  Justice

Question 10

Which of the following refers to the most basic, historic principle of nonmaleficence rather than beneficence?

Accepted Answer

A)  One ought to do or promote good. 
B)  One ought to prevent harm. 
C)  One ought to remove harm. 
D)  One ought not to inflict harm.

Question 11

A health care provider may not always be able to avoid harm, because causing some degree of harm when that harm will lead to a greater good may be necessary.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 12

Which of the following principles is self-determination and the ability to be self-governing and self-directing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beneficence 
B)  Autonomy 
C)  Justice 
D)  Paternalism 
E)  Veracity

Question 13

Which of the following terms is used to describe the allocation of resources in large social systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomy 
B)  Distributive justice 
C)  Prima facie duty 
D)  Primum non nocere

Question 14

An ethical dilemma occurs when one or more ethical principles

Accepted Answer

A)  are in conflict. 
B)  are involved. 
C)  are additive with one another. 
D)  cancel each other out.

Exam 3: Ethical Principles and Values

The application of patient autonomy is based upon which of the following theories of ethical thinking?

The term used to describe a person's ability to understand his or her health care conditions, treatment options, and ability to make his or her own decisions is

The promotion of good for the public can be difficult, because good is defined according to differing values and belief systems.

Which of the following is the recommended method of assuring that a patient has the capacity to make an informed consent?

All of the following statements are true; however, which one takes precedence over the rest?

Paternalism was more prevalent in health care in the past because the health care provider had superior knowledge and skills and because the patient expected the health care provider to make decisions in the best interest of the patient.

Charitable service meets the needs of those who cannot access dental care for economic reasons, because many dental hygienists and dentists recognize their obligation to serve society.

Which of the following principles is concerned with providing individuals or groups with what is owed, due, or deserved?

Which of the following refers to the most basic, historic principle of nonmaleficence rather than beneficence?

A health care provider may not always be able to avoid harm, because causing some degree of harm when that harm will lead to a greater good may be necessary.

Which of the following principles is self-determination and the ability to be self-governing and self-directing?

Which of the following terms is used to describe the allocation of resources in large social systems?

An ethical dilemma occurs when one or more ethical principles