In Japanese Business Organizations, Subordinates Do Not Share Bad News

Multiple Choice

In Japanese business organizations, subordinates do not share bad news with their superiors. This lack of internal communications can be attributed to

A) the Japanese emphasis on individualism.
B) the Japanese emphasis on hierarchical relationships.
C) the Japanese emphasis on competition and individualism.
D) the insistence on solving problems at the point of origin and not escalating them.
E) Guanxi, the Japanese practice of personal connections.