Question 1

Four- and 5-year-old children can correctly answer logical syllogisms if the syllogism involves ______.

Accepted Answer

A) real creatures 
B) the children's friends and relatives 
C) anything about which the children had pre-existing knowledge 
D) make-believe animals

Question 2

Why do we speak of language as being "acquired" rather than "learned"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do we speak of language as...

Question 3

Piaget's theory of development would be characterized as ______ and Vyogtsky's would be characterized as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) internal;internal 
B) internal;external 
C) external;internal 
D) external;external

Question 4

What is object permanence,and how do we know when it develops?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is object permanence,and how do we...

Question 5

The ______ task is one way typically used to examine children's theory of mind abilitiy.

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning 
B) abstract thinking 
C) numeric matrices 
D) false belief

Question 6

Children show an implicit understanding of the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning by about second grade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Children show an understanding of syntax (a "pivot grammar")by the age of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) 8 months 
B) 1 year 
C) 18 months 
D) 3 years

Question 8

Children's performance on a memory task is often a function of their ______.

Accepted Answer

A) age 
B) knowledge of the materials in the task 
C) years of schooling 
D) age and years of schooling

Question 9

Nonstage theories view children as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) qualitatively but not quantitatively different from adults 
B) qualitatively and quantitatively different from adults 
C) quantitatively but not qualitatively different from adults 
D) qualitatively and quantitatively similar to adults

Question 10

Regarding metacognition,younger children ______.

Accepted Answer

A) are not as good as older children at judging when they have studied a set of material adequately 
B) are typically too pessimistic about how well they can perform on most cognitive tasks 
C) are typically too pessimistic about how quickly they can perform cognitive tasks 
D) spontaneously monitor their own cognitive performance and know their strengths and weaknesses

Question 11

Although a child correctly counts two rows of 5 coins initially,when an experimenter spreads out one row to take up more space than the other row,the child incorrectly assumes that there are more coins in the row which takes up more space.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) egocentric thinking 
B) lack of conservation 
C) abstract thinking 
D) concrete thinking

Question 12

What do we know about the use of rehearsal strategies in children's memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do we know about the use...

Question 13

Piaget's methodology was primarily ______.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) longitudinal 
C) cross-sectional 
D) clinical

Question 14

Jean Piaget believed that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive structures slowly emerge on their own 
B) intelligence represents an adaptation of mental structures to the environment 
C) the infant comes into the world with the ability to remember 
D) the child is a relatively passive participant in development

Question 15

Think about the progression of problem presentation in children's math books.Early on,addition and subtraction problems are presented in pictures,as "five apples take away two apples." Later,children begin to use numbers,and finally they progress to the x's and y's of algebra.How do these textbook presentations relate to Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about the progression of problem presentation...

Question 16

A(n)______ approach to information processing involves approaching information by paying attention to specific aspects or features.

Accepted Answer

A) analytic 
B) heuristic 
C) holistic 
D) agonistic

Question 17

The development of object permanence occurs during the ______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) preoperational and concrete operational

Question 18

Galotti's studies of deductive and inductive inferences showed that children ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cannot clearly articulate the difference between these two inferences until about eighth grade 
B) can articulate the difference by about fourth grade 
C) show implicit understanding of the difference (in terms of their response time and confidence)by about fourth grade 
D) show implicit understanding of the difference by about sixth grade

Question 19

The ability to acquire language is ______ and the language acquired is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) biological;biological 
B) biological;environmental 
C) environmental;biological 
D) environmental;environmental

Question 20

Between the ages of 7 and 11 or 12,the child is in Piaget's ______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) concrete operational 
D) formal operational

Exam 13: Cognitive Development Through Adolescence