Question 1

If an individual's basal ganglia are sending inappropriate signals to the prefrontal cortex, the individual is probably suffering from what disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  ADHD 
C)  schizophrenia 
D)  anxiety

Question 2

Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the different functions of the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortices. According to his findings, what were these functions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the...

Question 3

The textbook describes four cognitive functions that involve the central executive. Provide an example of an everyday task demonstrating each of these functions, and explain how each example involves the central executive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook describes four cognitive functions that...

Question 4

In Baddeley's working-memory model which system monitors and manipulates the working-memory buffers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory

Question 5

Consider the activity of painting a picture for an art class. Identify an abstract goal and a concrete/specific goal, and indicate which part of the frontal lobe is involved in each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the activity of painting a picture...

Question 6

Research suggests that phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad processes take place in the _____ prefrontal cortex, while central executive functions take place in the _____ prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventrolateral; dorsolateral 
B)  dorsolateral; ventrolateral 
C)  orbital; ventrolateral 
D)  ventrolateral; orbital

Question 7

Explain how each of the three main components of working memory is involved in the task of adding two three-digit numbers in one's head.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how each of the three main...

Question 8

Which system modifies behavior when the automatic responses are inappropriate and inhibit automatic routines in favor of more appropriate behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  supervisory attentional 
B)  stimulus selection 
C)  response inhibition 
D)  prioritization model

Question 9

Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD. Which brain areas appear to be involved?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a...

Question 10

George Sperling's (1960) experiments on visual sensory memory demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  briefly presented information cannot be recalled. 
B)  iconic memory lasts for a very long time. 
C)  people could not learn to associate a tone with a visual stimulus. 
D)  people have a very brief visual memory that decays rapidly.

Question 11

Describe two different types of tasks that are used to study working memory. For each one, indicate what specific aspect of working memory is primarily being tested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two different types of tasks that...

Question 12

Which part of the prefrontal cortex seems to be particularly involved in working memory functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  orbital 
B)  medial 
C)  lateral 
D)  posterior

Question 13

Suppose a young man is dating two different women. Which part of his working memory would be responsible for keeping track of when and where he has dated with each of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  the iconic memory 
D)  the central executive

Question 14

The active maintenance and manipulation of short-term memory is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive control. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  short-term memory.

Question 15

Which memory system stores brief sensations of what one has just perceived?

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 16

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks) can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Describe the types of working-memory deficits seen in people with frontal-lobe damage.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Which action is NOT a problem for patients with frontal-lobe damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  the N-back task 
B)  a digit-span task 
C)  planning and organizing 
D)  skill learning

Question 19

Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto anatomical areas in the brain. For example, indicate which cortical area is responsible for each component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto...

Question 20

Which part of the brain seems to be involved in encoding and retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A)  the orbital prefrontal cortex 
B)  the medial prefrontal cortex 
C)  the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex 
D)  the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module