Question 1

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown. Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Lea is distressed to find that over the course of her first semester in college,she has gained 15 pounds.She knows that she likes to hang out at the dining hall with friends and is not used to having so many food options (particularly unhealthy ones!) around all the time.Lea also keeps snacks in her room to eat so that she will not fall asleep when she is up late studying or to make her feel better when she is stressed out over her workload.
A) Give a description of how each of the three main types of learning (non-associative,associative,and learning by watching others) does or does not explain Lea's behavior during her semester at college.Give one example of each type of learning.
B) How has long-term potentiation in Lea's brain influenced her behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lea is distressed to find that over...

Question 3

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by offering dessert as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that
Dessert is a ________ reinforcer that will likely ________ the probability that his boyfriend
Will clean the apartment in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary;increase 
B)  primary;decrease 
C)  secondary;decrease 
D)  secondary;increase

Question 4

You carpool with a friend to school every morning and he always drives.One day,your friend is sick and you have to drive yourself.Even though you have never actually driven to school,
You know the exact route to take in order to get there from your house,which is most likely
The result of

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  secondary reinforcement. 
D)  behavior modification.

Question 5

Cheryl hears a new song on the radio every day during the week on her commute to work.Surprisingly,when the song comes on at a party on Saturday night,she knows most of the words without trying.
A) Describe the three ways that we use cognition to learn without reinforcement.
B) Which type of cognitive learning without reinforcement best explains how Cheryl knew the song lyrics? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cheryl hears a new song on the...

Question 6

Charlie is addicted to heroin,and although he would like to quit,he finds that it is incredibly difficult to do.
A) Explain how Charlie's addiction is an example of associative learning.
B) Give one example of how learning by watching others may have influenced Charlie's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charlie is addicted to heroin,and although he...

Question 7

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke himself.Billy's new smoking behavior is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  partial reinforcement.

Question 8

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Thorndike. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Alfred Bandura. 
D)  Ivan Pavlov.

Question 9

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you

Accepted Answer

A)  pair the light with giving the mouse a treat. 
B)  pair the light with an electric shock. 
C)  take away the mouse's food after the light comes on. 
D)  take away the mouse's food before the light comes on.

Question 10

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower,Billy is typically awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this
Example,Billy is showing learning through

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  modeling.

Question 11

Tamara has been taking piano lessons,and after three weeks of practicing,she is now able to play the piano keys with both hands.This change in her behavior based on her experiences
Represents the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  learning. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 12

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly.After three months of using the device,Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves.The
Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  insight learning 
C)  behavior modification 
D)  continuous reinforcement

Question 13

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw
Is using ________ to treat his patient's phobia.

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning 
B)  systematic desensitization 
C)  modeling 
D)  counterconditioning

Question 14

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl
Sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned
Stimulus is the

Accepted Answer

A)  fear of the flowers. 
B)  red flowers. 
C)  pain of the sting. 
D)  bee.

Question 15

Two-year-old Ciara learns that whenever she hits her older brother,her mom will place her in time-out.Ciara therefore understands that a behavior leads to a certain outcome,which is a
Type of associative learning called

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 16

Every day after class,Jerome smells delicious pizza from Steel's Pizza House on his walk home and his mouth starts to water.One day,Jerome is riding the bus home from class and sees the Steel's Pizza House sign,and even this makes his mouth start to water.Jerome has most likely experienced all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  strengthening of synaptic connections. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  long-term potentiation. 
D)  learning.

Question 17

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Alfred Bandura. 
D)  John Locke.

Question 18

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 19

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer
Afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using ________ to overcome her fear.

Accepted Answer

A)  counterconditioning 
B)  systematic desensitization 
C)  extinction 
D)  modeling

Question 20

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  observational learning.

Exam 6: Learning

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown. Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by offering dessert as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that Dessert is a reinforcer that will likely the probability that his boyfriend Will clean the apartment in the future.

You carpool with a friend to school every morning and he always drives.One day,your friend is sick and you have to drive yourself.Even though you have never actually driven to school, You know the exact route to take in order to get there from your house,which is most likely The result of

Charlie is addicted to heroin,and although he would like to quit,he finds that it is incredibly difficult to do. A) Explain how Charlie's addiction is an example of associative learning. B) Give one example of how learning by watching others may have influenced Charlie's behavior.

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke himself.Billy's new smoking behavior is best explained by

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower,Billy is typically awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this Example,Billy is showing learning through

Tamara has been taking piano lessons,and after three weeks of practicing,she is now able to play the piano keys with both hands.This change in her behavior based on her experiences Represents the process of

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly.After three months of using the device,Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves.The Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw Is using ________ to treat his patient's phobia.

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl Sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned Stimulus is the

Two-year-old Ciara learns that whenever she hits her older brother,her mom will place her in time-out.Ciara therefore understands that a behavior leads to a certain outcome,which is a Type of associative learning called

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,

In operant conditioning,removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer Afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using ________ to overcome her fear.

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as