Question 1

Which branch of psychology studies behavior by examining physiological processes,especially those occurring in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical psychology 
B)  Behaviorism 
C)  Experimental psychology 
D)  Psychobiology

Question 2

The year is 1879,and you are on your way to Germany to study at the first institute for research in experimental psychology.Which professor do you hope to study with at the University of Leipzig?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilhelm Wundt 
B)  Carl Jung 
C)  Viktor Henri 
D)  Hugo Munsterberg

Question 3

Why was Mary Calkins not given her Ph.D.in psychology at Harvard when she defended her dissertation in 1895?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unknown at the time,she had not completed all of her required course work. 
B)  Mary Calkins received her Ph.D.from Harvard in education,not psychology. 
C)  She wanted her Ph.D.from Harvard's sister college,Radcliffe. 
D)  Harvard did not grant degrees to women at that time.

Question 4

You and several of your colleagues were stuck in an elevator for several hours.Later,sitting around the conference table,each of you begin to describe in detail your feelings and fears about the ordeal.What technique are you most likely using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory adaptation 
B)  Introspection 
C)  Consciousness 
D)  Pragmatic examination

Question 5

Based on cross-cultural studies,70 percent of the world's population lives in cultures with what type of orientation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collectivist 
B)  Individualist 
C)  Socialization 
D)  Industrialization

Question 6

Which type of psychologists use existing psychological knowledge to solve and prevent problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical psychologist 
B)  Comparative psychologist 
C)  Applied psychologist 
D)  Research psychologist

Question 7

Who is regarded as the first American psychologist to exert a guiding influence on psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  William James 
C)  John Watson 
D)  Mary Calkins

Question 8

____ is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychiatry 
B)  Psychology 
C)  Psychobiology 
D)  Psycholinguistics

Question 9

Which psychological perspective played a key role in insisting that psychologists precisely define and objectively measure the concepts they study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism 
B)  Psychoanalysis 
C)  Gestalt psychology 
D)  Humanistic psychology

Question 10

Mary Calkins is considered a pioneer in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism 
B)  motivation and drive theory 
C)  trial-and-error animal research 
D)  memory research

Question 11

A researcher finds a strong,positive correlation between negative thinking and depression,but cannot determine whether negative thinking causes depression or depression causes negative thinking.This is referred to as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation/causation fallacy 
B)  reverse-causality problem 
C)  third variable problem 
D)  curvilinear problem

Question 12

____ is a simulated reality created by psychologists to conduct their research.

Accepted Answer

A)  Artificial intelligence 
B)  Virtual Environment Technology 
C)  Lie detecting test 
D)  A lab

Question 13

____ is a descriptive scientific method where a group is studied from within by a researcher who records behavior as it occurs in its usual natural environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  Participant observation 
C)  Case study 
D)  Correlational research

Question 14

Which branch of psychology deals with similarities and differences in the physiology,behavior,and abilities of different species,including humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparative psychology 
B)  Cognitive psychology 
C)  Psychometry 
D)  Experimental neuropsychology

Question 15

A psychologist who is mainly interested in a person's observable behavior,rather than the person's mental processes,is a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  structuralist 
D)  Gestaltist

Question 16

The metaphor comparing the mind to the computer is attributed to what area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive psychology 
B)  Gestalt psychology 
C)  Psychometric psychology 
D)  Humanistic psychology

Question 17

Although significantly altered,which of the five early schools of psychology have survived as contemporary perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalysis and behaviorism 
B)  Gestalt and psychoanalysis 
C)  Behaviorism and functionalism 
D)  Behaviorism and Gestalt

Question 18

What coincided with cognitive psychology,making a name for itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  Advances in intelligence testing 
B)  The development of the computer 
C)  The successful separation of the brain hemispheres 
D)  Discovery of human DNA

Question 19

____ is a form of observational research involving an in-depth analysis of a single subject.

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  Participant observation 
C)  A case study 
D)  Correlational research

Question 20

What are the differences between the evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives explanation of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The former involves biological norms while the latter emphasizes societal norms. 
B)  The former involves inherited genes while the latter emphasizes the roles that social and cultural factors play. 
C)  The former involves selection of the fittest while the latter embraces society's collective involvement. 
D)  The former involves adapting to the environment while the latter involves adapting to the philosophies of a civilization.

Exam 1: Psychology As a Science