Question 1

In an experiment on the effect of alcohol on performance,subjects are randomly assigned to drink different amounts of alcohol before completing a performance task.This means that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher assigned subjects to each level of the independent variable based on their performance level 
B)  the subjects chose the level of the independent variable they would receive 
C)  each subject had an equal chance of being assigned to each level of the independent variable 
D)  each subject had an equal chance of being assigned to each level of the dependent variable

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on reaction time.After receiving varying levels of sleep,the reaction times of all participants are recorded.In this experiment,reaction time is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  control variable 
D)  third variable

Question 3

Self-reports,direct observations and archival information are all basic techniques of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  literature search 
B)  theory development 
C)  data collection 
D)  inferential statistics

Question 4

Which of the contemporary perspectives within psychology has promoted the scientific study of self-awareness,love,helping behaviors,and positive personality growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sociocultural perspective 
B)  Cognitive psychology 
C)  Humanistic perspective 
D)  Psychoanalytic perspective

Question 5

A researcher decides to study homeless people in their natural environment by becoming homeless himself.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  participant observation 
C)  correlational research 
D)  experimental research

Question 6

In the control condition of an experiment,participants are not exposed to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  control variable 
D)  third variable

Question 7

Why is it important that researchers report their results?

Accepted Answer

A)  To advance their career 
B)  To ensure that no existing research is replicated 
C)  To share their discoveries with fellow scholars and ultimately advance the discipline 
D)  Both a and b

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of naturalistic and participant observation research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both may alter participants' behavior 
B)  Variables are well controlled using these methods 
C)  Both help researchers understand the context in which certain behaviors occur 
D)  Both can be used to establish cause-and-effect relationships

Question 9

Behaviorist John Watson once described the brain as "a black box forever mysterious." The discoveries in which psychological field helped in disproving this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical psychology 
B)  Gestalt psychology 
C)  Humanistic psychology 
D)  Cognitive psychology

Question 10

Which psychological approach has been criticized as the least scientifically based of all contemporary perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sociocultural 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Humanistic 
D)  Evolutionary

Question 11

Which of the following women established one of the first psychology labs in the U.S. ,pioneered research in short-term memory,and in 1905 became the first woman president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A)  Margaret Washburn 
B)  Barbel Inhelder 
C)  Mamie Phipps Clark 
D)  Mary Calkins

Question 12

Why does the theory of evolution qualify as a scientific theory but creation science does not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolutionary theory is falsifiable but creation science is not falsifiable. 
B)  Evolutionary theory is not falsifiable but creation science is falsifiable. 
C)  Evolutionary theory has been proven using scientific methods but creation science has not been proven. 
D)  Evolutionary theory is economical,but creation science lacks internal coherence.

Question 13

Which type of research method examines cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive research 
B)  Observational research 
C)  Correlational research 
D)  Experimental research

Question 14

Albert Bandura studied whether children would imitate aggressive behavior in his well-known Bobo doll experiments.Half of the children observed an adult behaving aggressively with a Bobo doll;the other half observed an adult playing nonaggressively with toys.The children observing the nonaggressive adult were in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  control condition 
B)  experimental condition 
C)  random condition 
D)  dependent condition

Question 15

Professor Sanchez studies how the brain communicates with itself and other body organs,including biochemical processes occurring at microscopic levels.He is most likely a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive psychologist 
B)  evolutionary psychologist 
C)  clinical psychologist 
D)  neuroscientist

Question 16

The term psychology comes from the Greek words psyche,meaning ____,and logos,meaning ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mind;body 
B)  mind;study 
C)  character;body 
D)  character;study

Question 17

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of codeine on pain reduction.The amount of codeine given to each subject by the experimenter is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  control variable 
D)  third variable

Question 18

Which method of inquiry is common in clinical work,in which psychotherapists provide an extensive description of a person suffering from a particular psychological disorder to illustrate the factors that lead to and influence it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  Participant observation 
C)  Case study 
D)  Questionnaire

Question 19

Inferential statistics are used to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  summarize the characteristics of the participants in a study 
B)  directly observe people's behavior over time 
C)  make concrete assumptions about the sample 
D)  make inferences about the population from which the sample was drawn

Question 20

Researchers often begin data analysis by performing statistics that summarize the characteristics of their particular sample.These types of statistics are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive statistics 
B)  inferential statistics 
C)  experimental statistics 
D)  correlational statistics

Exam 1: Psychology As a Science

In an experiment on the effect of alcohol on performance,subjects are randomly assigned to drink different amounts of alcohol before completing a performance task.This means that ____.

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on reaction time.After receiving varying levels of sleep,the reaction times of all participants are recorded.In this experiment,reaction time is the ____.

Self-reports,direct observations and archival information are all basic techniques of ____.

Which of the contemporary perspectives within psychology has promoted the scientific study of self-awareness,love,helping behaviors,and positive personality growth?

A researcher decides to study homeless people in their natural environment by becoming homeless himself.This is an example of ____.

In the control condition of an experiment,participants are not exposed to the ____.

Why is it important that researchers report their results?

Which of the following is an advantage of naturalistic and participant observation research?

Behaviorist John Watson once described the brain as "a black box forever mysterious." The discoveries in which psychological field helped in disproving this statement?

Which psychological approach has been criticized as the least scientifically based of all contemporary perspectives?

Which of the following women established one of the first psychology labs in the U.S. ,pioneered research in short-term memory,and in 1905 became the first woman president of the American Psychological Association?

Why does the theory of evolution qualify as a scientific theory but creation science does not?

Which type of research method examines cause-and-effect relationships?

Professor Sanchez studies how the brain communicates with itself and other body organs,including biochemical processes occurring at microscopic levels.He is most likely a(n) ____.

The term psychology comes from the Greek words psyche,meaning ,and logos,meaning .

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of codeine on pain reduction.The amount of codeine given to each subject by the experimenter is the ____.

Which method of inquiry is common in clinical work,in which psychotherapists provide an extensive description of a person suffering from a particular psychological disorder to illustrate the factors that lead to and influence it?

Inferential statistics are used to ____.

Researchers often begin data analysis by performing statistics that summarize the characteristics of their particular sample.These types of statistics are called ____.