Question 1

What MHC Class encodes complement components?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

Why is EDTA not conducive to complement activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigens are destroyed 
B)  Antibodies are neutralized 
C)  Calcium is inactivated 
D)  It dilutes plasma

Question 3

All of the following are characteristics of a secondary immune response except:

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly formed antibodies. 
B)  higher avidity for antigen. 
C)  higher dose of antigen required to form antibodies. 
D)  lower dose of antigen required to form antibodies.

Question 4

An immunogenic substance that reacts with an antibody is:

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulin. 
B)  antigen. 
C)  chromogen. 
D)  agglutinin.

Question 5

What test is used to remove autoantibodies from test serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adsorption 
B)  Direct Coombs' 
C)  Elution 
D)  Indirect Coombs'

Question 6

What is a possible explanation for a weak reaction (1+) in a reverse ABO grouping test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly patient 
B)  Immunocompromised patient 
C)  IgM deficiency 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Only 5% of Kell-negative individuals will develop antibodies to Kell if exposed to the Kell antigen, whereas 50% to 70% of Rh(D)-negative individuals would produce antibodies to D upon exposure. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difference in ABO type 
B)  Difference in immunogenicity 
C)  Phenotype 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

All of the following are functions performed by the complement system except:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct lysis of bacteria. 
B)  promotion of phagocytosis. 
C)  decreased vascular permeability. 
D)  smooth muscle contraction.

Question 9

HLA proteins are coded by what complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Major histocompatibility complex 
B)  Human leukocyte compatibility complex 
C)  Complement 
D)  Innate immune response

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  T-cell receptors do not recognize foreign antigen on their own like B cells do. 
B)  Major histocompatibility complex (MH
C)  molecules are cell membrane proteins. 
C)  MHC molecules are required for T cells to recognize foreign antigens. 
D)  MHC molecules are required for B cells to recognize foreign antigens.

Question 11

The immune response that consists of physical barriers, biochemical effectors, and immune cells is the immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)  auto- 
B)  innate 
C)  localized 
D)  primary

Question 12

Which of the following blood group systems is not likely to cause HDN?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kell 
B)  ABO 
C)  MN 
D)  Rh

Question 13

When antigen and antibody combine, they are held together by noncovalent forces. With the absence of a visible lattice, this stage is called .

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesion 
B)  sensitization 
C)  agglutination 
D)  inhibition

Question 14

At what temperature do IgM antibodies react?

Accepted Answer

A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  56°C 
D)  42°C

Question 15

What is the equivalent of Factor D (alternative pathway) in the classic complement pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  C1q 
B)  C1s 
C)  C1r 
D)  C4

Question 16

Which of the following are produced after exposure to genetically different nonself antigens of the same species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alloantibodies 
B)  Autoantibodies 
C)  Drug-induced antibodies 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

Why is low ionic strength solution (LISS) used in blood banking?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reduces the incubation time. 
B)  It reduces the net negative surface charge on the RBC. 
C)  It increases the zeta potential. 
D)  It enhances aggregation.

Question 18

At what temperature do IgG antibodies react optimally?

Accepted Answer

A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  56°C 
D)  4°C

Question 19

What are the principle receptors for the FC portion of immunoglobulin and the CR1 complement component, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM, C3b 
B)  IgG, C3b 
C)  IgG, C3d 
D)  IgM, C3d

Question 20

Which of the following antibodies is considered the most significant in blood banking because it reacts at body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE

Exam 3: Fundamentals of Immunology