Question 1

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endotoxins are produced by Gram-negative bacteria.
B)   Endotoxins are produced by Gram-positive bacteria.
C)   Endotoxins are produced by Gram-negative fungi.
D)   Endotoxins are produced by Gram-positive fungi. A

Question 2

What is the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)   A negative response to an immunization
B)   An adverse response to a medication
C)   Kidney failure
D)   A genetic defect D

Question 3

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Serum sickness
B)   Raynaud phenomenon
C)   Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
D)   Arthus reaction D

Question 4

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes that the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

Accepted Answer

A)   urticaria.
B)   hives.
C)   anaphylaxis.
D)   antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADC
C)  .

Question 5

A nurse recalls that bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

Accepted Answer

A)   proliferation.
B)   attenuation.
C)   specialization.
D)   mutation.

Question 6

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pathogens spread from one individual to others and cause disease.
B)   Pathogens induce an immune response.
C)   Pathogens causes disease.
D)   Pathogens have the capacity to damage tissue.

Question 7

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gram-positive bacteria
B)   Fungi
C)   Gram-negative bacteria
D)   Virus

Question 8

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gastrointestinal ulcers
B)   Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C)   Rash on trunk and extremities
D)   Photosensitivity

Question 9

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. Within minutes he begins itching and develops wheezing and breathing difficulties. What is he suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A)   Immunodeficiency
B)   Autoimmunity
C)   Anaphylaxis
D)   Tissue-specific hypersensitivity

Question 10

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histological examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endotoxin
B)   Exotoxin
C)   Hemolysis
D)   Septicemia

Question 11

An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mother was exposed to measles.
B)   The father was exposed to Agent Orange.
C)   The baby is Rh positive.
D)   The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely.

Question 12

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers that this disease is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   autoimmunity.
B)   alloimmunity.
C)   homoimmunity.
D)   alleimmunity.

Question 13

What is true about bacterial vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)   They contain fully active bacteria.
B)   They are made from synthetic bacteria.
C)   They contain dead bacteria.
D)   They are a blend of bacterial toxins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)   HIV only infects B cells.
B)   HIV is a retrovirus.
C)   Infection does not require a host cell receptor.
D)   After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 15

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.

Accepted Answer

A)   A only
B)   B only
C)   A and B
D)   O

Question 16

A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)   bronchial asthma.
B)   contact dermatitis.
C)   serum sickness.
D)   rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 17

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type transfusion type matches would cause this?

Accepted Answer

A)   A-A
B)   B-O
C)   AB-O
D)   A-AB

Question 18

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   B-lymphocyte deficiency
B)   T-lymphocyte deficiency
C)   Combined immunological deficiency
D)   Complement deficiency

Question 19

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anemia
B)   Recurrent infections
C)   Hypersensitivity
D)   Autoantibody production

Question 20

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 2 days ago. What is this condition an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anaphylaxis
B)   Serum sickness
C)   Delayed hypersensitivity
D)   Viral disease

Exam 8: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence