Question 1

Which developmental research strategy is borrowed from the field of anthropology and used to investigate cultural questions?

Accepted Answer

A) ethnography 
B) survey research 
C) psychophysiological research 
D) experimentation

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud,the series of stages that children progress through in which pleasure and gratification are focused on a particular biological function is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) psychosexual development 
B) the psychosocial revolution 
C) psychodynamic awareness 
D) psychoanalytical growth

Question 3

Which perspective specifically focuses on the relationship between individuals and their physical,cognitive,personality,and social worlds?

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) contextual 
C) cognitive 
D) behavioral

Question 4

Which perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive perspective 
B) psychodynamic perspective 
C) behavioral perspective 
D) humanistic perspective

Question 5

Describe the three major steps of the scientific method and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the three major steps of the...

Question 6

Some lifespan developmentalists use a(n)__________ approach,drawing on several perspectives simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) correlational 
C) behavioral 
D) eclectic

Question 7

Which research strategy involves observing naturally occurring behavior without intervening in the situation?

Accepted Answer

A) case study method 
B) ethnography 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) experimental research

Question 8

Why is it wrong to ask "which theoretical perspective on lifespan development is correct?"

Accepted Answer

A) Developmentalists already agree that the psychodynamic perspective makes the greatest theoretical contribution;other perspectives should be mentioned,but ultimately rejected. 
B) There is no way to empirically test the propositions of the various perspectives,so there is no way to determine which is correct. 
C) Each perspective looks at development from a different vantage point;as such,each emphasizes a slightly different aspect while retaining a piece of the truth. 
D) Asking "which is correct?" is less important than asking "what should be studied?"

Question 9

Which statement describes the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning involves cognitive responses and operant conditioning involves behavioral responses. 
B) Classical conditioning involves behavioral responses and operant conditioning involves cognitive responses. 
C) Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses and operant conditioning involves automatic responses. 
D) Classical conditioning involves automatic responses and operant conditioning involves voluntary responses.

Question 10

Shalise believes that child development is a process of continuous change.Her classmate Evan says that development follows a pattern of discontinuous change.Who is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Shalise: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only continuous. 
B) Both: A child's development is marked by both continuous and discontinuous change. 
C) Evan: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only discontinuous. 
D) Shalise: The growth of cognitive ability proves that development is always only continuous.

Question 11

Which technique ensures that personal characteristics that might affect the outcome of an experiment are scattered among research participants in the different groups,thereby making the groups roughly equivalent?

Accepted Answer

A) dependent recursion 
B) random assignment 
C) independent assignment 
D) regression to the mean

Question 12

Summarize the four basic principles of ethical research,and provide an example of how each principle might be violated in a research study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the four basic principles of ethical...

Question 13

Lifespan developmentalists typically focus on a particular __________.

Accepted Answer

A) family 
B) age range 
C) town/city 
D) country

Question 14

What is the best type of study to determine if daily reading with a parent can increase the speed at which a child learns to read independently?

Accepted Answer

A) correlational 
B) experimental 
C) theoretical 
D) hypothetical

Question 15

When an investigator devises different conditions and then compares the outcomes of the participants exposed to those different conditions in order to see how behavior is affected,this is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis 
B) experiment 
C) theory 
D) treatment

Question 16

Compared to young children,adults have a much harder time learning a new language.Researchers studying this phenomenon are mainly addressing which key issue in development?

Accepted Answer

A) continuous versus discontinuous change 
B) critical versus sensitive periods 
C) lifespan approaches versus particular periods 
D) nature versus nurture

Question 17

Which research strategy involves extensive,in-depth interviews with a particular individual or small group?

Accepted Answer

A) experimentation 
B) case study 
C) natural observation 
D) ethnography

Question 18

Freud believed that the ego __________.

Accepted Answer

A) operates on a completely unconscious level 
B) acts as a buffer between the desires of the id and the constraints of the real world 
C) was under the direct control of the id 
D) is the seat of conscience,or ethical principles of right and wrong

Question 19

__________ is a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.

Accepted Answer

A) proposition 
B) experiment 
C) theory 
D) hypothesis

Question 20

The strength and direction of a relationship between two factors is represented by a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental factor 
B) associative coefficient 
C) correlation coefficient 
D) predictable factor

Exam 1: An Orientation to Lifespan Development