Forward Integration Refers to

Multiple Choice

Forward integration refers to

A) a retailer that owns a manufacturing operation.
B) a wholesaler that owns a manufacturing operation.
C) retailers that form a strategic channel alliance with manufacturers to purchase products at better prices since they are able to place much larger orders.
D) a producer that owns an intermediary at the next level down in the marketing channel.
E) channels in which all members own stock in the manufacturer's company.