Question 1

Scenario
While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases, they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer. One method to treat cancerous tumors is to expose them to radiation which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days. The radioactive drug, known as Xofigo®, is injected into the patient's bloodstream and travels to certain regions of the body. Because it emits high-energy radiation over short distances, it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes.
After the drug was injected into a person, the following data were collected regarding the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body.
 
-Which of the following would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Give the drug to a single cancer patient and ask him how he feels several months later. 
B) Give the drug to a group of mice that have artificially induced tumors and measure whether their tumors are destroyed. 
C) Give the drug to a group of cancer patients and measure whether their tumors are destroyed. 
D) Give the drug to a single cancer patient and measure whether his tumor is destroyed.

Question 2

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) neon (atomic number 10) 
B) calcium (atomic number 20) 
C) zirconium (atomic number 40) 
D) neodymium (atomic number 60)

Question 3

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

A) buffers 
B) solutions 
C) acids 
D) bases

Question 4

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a neutron and electron moving around a proton 
B) an electron moving around the nucleus of an atom 
C) a proton moving about an electron 
D) a neutron moving about a proton

Question 5

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 0

Question 6

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) covalent only 
B) ionic 
C) polar and covalent 
D) hydrogen

Question 7

Which of the following is an acid?

Accepted Answer

A) NaOH 
B) NaCl 
C) HCl 
D) CH4

Question 8

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) protons; neutrons 
B) protons; electrons 
C) neutrons; protons 
D) electrons; protons

Question 9

Adjacent water molecules interact through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sharing of electrons between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
B) electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule 
C) sharing of electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules 
D) electrical attraction between the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules

Question 10

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorus 
B) carbon 
C) iron 
D) calcium

Question 11

What are the reactant(s)in the following chemical reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 and H2O 
B) C6H12O6, H2O, and O2 
C) O2 only 
D) C6H12O6, H2O, O2, CO2, and H2O

Question 12

________ is an example of an element.

Accepted Answer

A) Water 
B) Nitrogen 
C) Glucose 
D) Salt

Question 13

Scenario
While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases, they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer. One method to treat cancerous tumors is to expose them to radiation which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days. The radioactive drug, known as Xofigo®, is injected into the patient's bloodstream and travels to certain regions of the body. Because it emits high-energy radiation over short distances, it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes.
After the drug was injected into a person, the following data were collected regarding the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body.
 
-Using the above table, what kind of cancer do you think Xofigo® is used to treat?

Accepted Answer

A) liver cancer 
B) bone cancer 
C) brain cancer 
D) lung cancer

Question 14

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in blood pH 
B) a decrease in air temperature 
C) a decrease in body temperature

Question 15

The lower the pH of a solution, the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the more basic the solution 
B) more acidic the solution

Question 16

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) 80; 120; 80 
B) 120; 80; 120 
C) 120; 280; 120 
D) 80; 40; 80

Question 17

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) The oxygen atom is found between the two hydrogen atoms. 
B) The oxygen atom attracts the hydrogen atoms. 
C) The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge. 
D) Both hydrogen atoms are at one end of the molecule, and the oxygen atom is at the other end.

Question 18

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) polar

Question 19

All of the following are potential negative impacts of ocean acidification except one. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing H+ concentrations 
B) coral bleaching 
C) changes in metabolism of marine animals 
D) increasing carbonic acid concentrations

Question 20

Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?

Accepted Answer

A) Grapefruit juice has 100 times higher H+ concentration than lemon juice. 
B) Lemon juice has 10 times higher H+ concentration than grapefruit juice. 
C) Lemon juice has 100 times higher H+ concentration than grapefruit juice. 
D) Grapefruit juice has 10 times higher H+ concentration than lemon juice.

Exam 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ________.

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.

Which of the following is an acid?

Isotopes of an element have the same number of and different numbers of .

Adjacent water molecules interact through the ________.

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O

________ is an example of an element.

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

The lower the pH of a solution, the ________.

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds.

All of the following are potential negative impacts of ocean acidification except one. Choose the exception.

Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?

Exam 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ________.

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.

Which of the following is an acid?

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of ________.

Adjacent water molecules interact through the ________.

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

________ is an example of an element.

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

The lower the pH of a solution, the ________.

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds.

All of the following are potential negative impacts of ocean acidification except one. Choose the exception.

Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?

Isotopes of an element have the same number of and different numbers of .

What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has protons, neutrons, and electrons.