Question 1

The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24 × 10-6 K-1 and the coefficient of volume expansion of olive oil is 0.68 × 10-3 K-1. A novice cook, in preparation of some pesto, fills a 1.00-L aluminum pot to the brim and heats the oil and the pot from an initial temperature of 15°C to 190°C. To his consternation some olive oil spills over the top. How much?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.11 L 
B) 0.12 L 
C) 0.13 L 
D) 0.14 L 
E) 0.15 L

Question 2

Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, how do their average molecular speeds compare? The oxygen molecules are moving

Accepted Answer

A) four times faster than the hydrogen molecules. 
B) at 1/4 the speed of the hydrogen molecules. 
C) sixteen times faster than the hydrogen molecules. 
D) at 1/16 the speed of the hydrogen molecules. 
E) at 1/ $\sqrt { 2 }$ the speed of the hydrogen molecules.

Question 3

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A) Both gases have the same average molecular speeds. 
B) Both gases have the same number of molecules. 
C) Both gases have the same average kinetic energy per molecule. 
D) Both gases have the same average momentum per molecule.

Question 4

An ideal gas occupies 6.00 × 102 cm3 at 20°C. At what temperature will it occupy 1.20 × 103 cm3 if the pressure is held constant?

Accepted Answer

A) 10°C 
B) 40°C 
C) 100°C 
D) 313°C

Question 5

A gas-filled vertical cylinder, closed at the bottom end, is fitted at the top with a piston that can move freely. The mass of the piston is 10.0 kg, and the initial height of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder is 25 cm. A mass of 8.0 kg is placed on the piston. What is the resulting height of the piston, assuming that the temperature of the ideal gas is kept constant?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 cm 
B) 13 cm 
C) 14 cm 
D) 15 cm 
E) 16 cm

Question 6

A large vat contains 1.000 L of water at 20°C. What volume will this water occupy when it is heated up to 80°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.600 L 
B) 1.013 L 
C) 0.987 L 
D) 0.9987 L

Question 7

For the mercury in a thermometer to expand from 4.00 cm3 to 4.10 cm3, what change in temperature is necessary? The mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of 1.80 × 10-4 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A) 400 C° 
B) 140 C° 
C) 14 C° 
D) 8.2 C°

Question 8

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.98 mol of ideal gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2. The gas then undergoes an isochoric heating from point 2 until the pressure is restored to the value it had at point 1. What is the final temperature of the gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K).

Accepted Answer

A) -160°C 
B) 12°C 
C) 380°C 
D) 110°C

Question 9

A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of $3.6 \times 10 ^ { 4 } \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { kg }$ The boiling point is $150 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ and the heat of vaporization is $7.2 \times 10 ^ { 4 } \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { kg }$ at a pressure of one atmosphere. The specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/kg ? K (solid), 1000 J/kg ? K (liquid), and 400 J/kg ? K (gaseous). How much heat is given up by $2.80 \mathrm {~kg}$ of this substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 86°C at a pressure of one atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) 400 kJ 
B) 200 kJ 
C) 300 kJ 
D) 440 kJ 
E) 640 kJ

Question 10

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m3. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? (R = 8.31 J/mol × K)

Accepted Answer

A) 625 g 
B) 513 g 
C) 447 g 
D) 329 g 
E) 243 g

Question 11

A camper is about to drink his morning coffee. He pours 400 grams of coffee, initially at 75°C into a 250-g aluminum cup, initially at 16°C. What is the equilibrium temperature of the coffee-cup system, assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings? The specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of coffee is essentially the same as that of water, which is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 45°C 
B) 62°C 
C) 65°C 
D) 68°C 
E) 71°C

Question 12

On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.047 C° 
B) 0.053 C° 
C) 0.064 C° 
D) 0.071 C°

Question 13

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1. A block of copper 30 cm wide, 45 cm long, and 10 cm thick is heated from 0°C to 100°C What is the change in the volume of the block?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.3 × 10-5 m3 
B) 4.6 × 10-5 m3 
C) 5.2 × 10-5 m3 
D) 6.9 × 10-5 m3 
E) 14 × 10-5 m3

Question 14

A lab assistant pours 330 g of water at 45°C into an 855-g aluminum container that is at an initial temperature of 10°C. The specific heat of aluminum is $900 \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { kg } \cdot \mathrm { K }$ and that of water is 4186 J/kg ? K. What is the final temperature of the system, assuming no heat is exchanged with the surroundings?

Accepted Answer

A) 28°C 
B) 32°C 
C) 31°C 
D) 33°C 
E) 35°C

Question 15

The process shown on the pV diagram in the figure is

Accepted Answer

A) adiabatic. 
B) isothermal. 
C) isochoric. 
D) isobaric.

Question 16

An aluminum rod is 10.0 cm long and a steel rod is 80.0 cm long when both rods are at a temperature of 15°C. Both rods have the same diameter. The rods are now joined end-to-end to form a rod 90.0 cm long. If the temperature is now raised from 15°C to 90°C, what is the increase in the length of the joined rod? The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 2.4 × 10-5 K-1 and that of steel is 1.2 × 10-5 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.90 mm 
B) 0.81 mm 
C) 0.72 mm 
D) 0.63 mm 
E) 0.99 mm

Question 17

For an ideal gas,

Accepted Answer

A) CP = CV for all ideal gases. 
B) CP > CV for all ideal gases. 
C) CP V for all ideal gases. 
D) it depends on whether the gas is monatomic or diatomic.

Question 18

A vertical cylinder, closed at the bottom end, contains 0.0100 mol of ideal gas. It is fitted at the top with a piston that can move freely. The mass of the piston is 14.0 kg and the initial height of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder is 25 cm. What is the temperature of the gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

Accepted Answer

A) 290 K 
B) 413 K 
C) 3620 K 
D) 405 K 
E) 500 K

Question 19

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m3 to a final volume of 0.085 m3 while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram)from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.2 kJ 
B) 7.5 kJ 
C) 7.8 kJ 
D) 11 kJ 
E) 12 kJ

Question 20

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 100°C 
B) 112°C 
C) 123°C 
D) 147°C 
E) 195°C

Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, how do their average molecular speeds compare? The oxygen molecules are moving

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

An ideal gas occupies 6.00 × 10² cm³ at 20°C. At what temperature will it occupy 1.20 × 10³ cm³ if the pressure is held constant?

A large vat contains 1.000 L of water at 20°C. What volume will this water occupy when it is heated up to 80°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6 K^-1.

For the mercury in a thermometer to expand from 4.00 cm³ to 4.10 cm³, what change in temperature is necessary? The mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of 1.80 × 10^-4 K^-1.

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.98 mol of ideal gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2. The gas then undergoes an isochoric heating from point 2 until the pressure is restored to the value it had at point 1. What is the final temperature of the gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K) .

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m³. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? (R = 8.31 J/mol × K)

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10^-6 K^-1. A block of copper 30 cm wide, 45 cm long, and 10 cm thick is heated from 0°C to 100°C What is the change in the volume of the block?

The process shown on the pV diagram in the figure is

For an ideal gas,

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m³ to a final volume of 0.085 m³ while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, how do their average molecular speeds compare? The oxygen molecules are moving

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

An ideal gas occupies 6.00 × 102 cm3 at 20°C. At what temperature will it occupy 1.20 × 103 cm3 if the pressure is held constant?

A large vat contains 1.000 L of water at 20°C. What volume will this water occupy when it is heated up to 80°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6 K-1.

For the mercury in a thermometer to expand from 4.00 cm3 to 4.10 cm3, what change in temperature is necessary? The mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of 1.80 × 10-4 K-1.

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.98 mol of ideal gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2. The gas then undergoes an isochoric heating from point 2 until the pressure is restored to the value it had at point 1. What is the final temperature of the gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K) .

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m3. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? (R = 8.31 J/mol × K)

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1. A block of copper 30 cm wide, 45 cm long, and 10 cm thick is heated from 0°C to 100°C What is the change in the volume of the block?

The process shown on the pV diagram in the figure is

For an ideal gas,

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m3 to a final volume of 0.085 m3 while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

An ideal gas occupies 6.00 × 10² cm³ at 20°C. At what temperature will it occupy 1.20 × 10³ cm³ if the pressure is held constant?

A large vat contains 1.000 L of water at 20°C. What volume will this water occupy when it is heated up to 80°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6 K^-1.

For the mercury in a thermometer to expand from 4.00 cm³ to 4.10 cm³, what change in temperature is necessary? The mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of 1.80 × 10^-4 K^-1.

A refrigerator has an interior volume of 0.500 m³. The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K, and the pressure is 101 kPa. If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol, what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? (R = 8.31 J/mol × K)

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10^-6 K^-1. A block of copper 30 cm wide, 45 cm long, and 10 cm thick is heated from 0°C to 100°C What is the change in the volume of the block?

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m³ to a final volume of 0.085 m³ while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.