Question 1

All of the following are measures of central tendency except

Accepted Answer

A) range 
B) median 
C) mean 
D) mode

Question 2

On the "Connectedness to Nature" scale, divergent validity was established when it was found that no correlation existed between scores on the scale and

Accepted Answer

A) SAT scores 
B) scores on a test of social desirability 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above - the outcomes in alternatives a. and b. supported convergent validity

Question 3

A Type II error occurs when the researcher

Accepted Answer

A) rejects Ho, but Ho is true 
B) rejects Ho, but Ho is false 
C) fails to reject Ho, but Ho is true 
D) fails to reject Ho, but Ho is false

Question 4

Which of the following is not an example of a construct?

Accepted Answer

A) perceived social support 
B) letter identification 
C) habituation 
D) social effectiveness

Question 5

A graph in which each vertical bar corresponds to the frequency of some score is called a

Accepted Answer

A) normal curve 
B) Gee Whiz graph 
C) histogram 
D) line graph

Question 6

In a normal distribution, what (approximate)percentage of scores likely fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

A) 50% 
B) 68% 
C) 75% 
D) 95%

Question 7

A Type I error occurs when the researcher

Accepted Answer

A) rejects Ho, but Ho is true 
B) rejects Ho, but Ho is false 
C) fails to reject Ho, but Ho is true 
D) fails to reject Ho, but Ho is false

Question 8

Five children are tested for IQ and their scores are: 110, 160, 100, 100, 110. What is the best way to describe the central tendency of these scores?

Accepted Answer

A) the mode 
B) the median 
C) the mean 
D) the range

Question 9

Normally, which of the following outcomes is most desired by the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A) reject Ho; Ho is true 
B) reject Ho; Ho is false 
C) fail to reject Ho; Ho is true 
D) fail to reject Ho; Ho is false

Question 10

Suppose there are 100 studies that failed to demonstrate an effect of gender on false memories, but 8 studies that showed a gender difference. One may conclude from reading the published studies there is a gender difference, but one may be incorrect due to

Accepted Answer

A) incomplete confidence intervals. 
B) error variance. 
C) systematic variance. 
D) a phenomenon called a file drawer effect.

Question 11

A gradual decline in responding in the face of a repeated stimulus is known as

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition 
B) habituation 
C) extinction 
D) reaction time

Question 12

In a sequence of trials, an infant looks at a stimulus for 10 seconds, then 8, then 6, then 4. On the next trial, the infant looks for 12 seconds. What has occurred on this last trial?

Accepted Answer

A) the infant has noticed a change in the stimulus 
B) habituation has occurred 
C) the infant has lost interest in the stimulus 
D) the infant is afraid of the stimulus

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a construct?

Accepted Answer

A) entering arm #3 of a radial maze 
B) using fingers when adding 
C) social effectiveness 
D) naming letters

Question 14

Knowing the standard deviation of a set of scores, it is possible to calculate

Accepted Answer

A) range 
B) variance 
C) the mean 
D) the frequency distribution

Question 15

Most research in psychology uses ________ sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) convenience 
B) simple random 
C) stratified 
D) cluster

Question 16

Which of the following is true about Type II errors?

Accepted Answer

A) the probability of one occurring is equal to the alpha level 
B) they cannot occur if the statistical test is powerful enough 
C) they occur when a true effect exists, but we fail to discover it in our study 
D) they occur when we reject the null hypothesis, when we really should not do so

Exam 4: Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing