Question 1

__________ refers to the extent to which a test exhibits consistency.

Accepted Answer

A)  Concurrent validity 
B)  Criterion validity 
C)  Content validity 
D)  Reliability

Question 2

Latoya develops a new scale to measure beliefs in extraterrestrials. She gives her new scale to 100 people twice, two months apart. She finds that in general, people who believe in extraterrestrials at Time 1 also believe in extraterrestrials at Time 2. Latoya's scale exhibits good

Accepted Answer

A)  concurrent validity. 
B)  content validity. 
C)  test-retest reliability. 
D)  split-half reliability.

Question 3

Salhany and Roig (2004) analyzed course catalogues found on the Internet in order to examine differences in academic misconduct policies across different universities. They conducted a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  participant observation. 
C)  archival study. 
D)  ex post facto study.

Question 4

"As the amount of exercising decreases, weight increases." This statement represents a _________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  zero 
B)  positive 
C)  negative 
D)  curvilinear

Question 5

Of the following research methods, which is likely the most rigorous in terms of control and statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archival research 
B)  Naturalistic observation 
C)  Qualitative research 
D)  Correlational research

Question 6

What kind of survey is used in this study: descriptive or analytic? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kind of survey is used in...

Question 7

Researchers often use a panel of judges to assess the _______ validity of their test items.

Accepted Answer

A)  criterion 
B)  concurrent 
C)  content 
D)  split-half

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of mail surveys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mail surveys have a very high response rate compared to other kinds of surveys. 
B)  Mail surveys can target a particular individual in the household whereas other kinds of surveys cannot. 
C)  Mail surveys can be sent to a large number of people. 
D)  All of the above are advantages of mail surveys.

Question 9

Dale wants to ensure that he has a high response rate for his survey. Which method would be best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mail survey 
B)  Personal interview 
C)  Telephone interview 
D)  Demographic interview

Question 10

Joe and Sam are coders in an observational study on sex stereotyping in television commercials. When they have finished collecting their data, they should calculate

Accepted Answer

A)  time sampling validity. 
B)  interobserver validity. 
C)  time sampling reliability. 
D)  interobserver reliability.

Question 11

With archival research,

Accepted Answer

A)  we can make statements about causality under most circumstances. 
B)  we can make statements about causality when the researcher has exhibited tight control over the variables. 
C)  we can make statements about causality when the researcher has examined only one variable instead of several. 
D)  we cannot make statements about causality.

Question 12

Ken develops a new scale to measure extraversion. In order to assess reliability, he divides his scale into even and odd numbered items and assesses the degree of correspondence between the two groups. Ken has used the ________ technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  criterion 
B)  test-retest 
C)  split-half 
D)  interrater

Question 13

Which of the following types of questions allows the researcher to code responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  open-ended 
B)  yes-no 
C)  Likert-type scale 
D)  forced alternative

Question 14

If on a survey a respondent must select between two alternative responses, it is referred to as a(n) ____________ question.

Accepted Answer

A)  open-ended 
B)  multiple choice 
C)  Likert-type scale 
D)  forced alternative

Question 15

Once chosen, a score, event, or participant cannot be returned to the population to be selected again. This technique is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling without replacement. 
B)  random sampling with replacement. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  convenience sampling.

Question 16

The researchers chose to do telephone surveys for this research. Describe some advantages to this approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The researchers chose to do telephone surveys...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a potential problem associated with archival research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The records may not be a representative sample. 
B)  The records may be incomplete. 
C)  The researcher has no control over how the data were originally collected. 
D)  It is usually difficult to obtain IRB approval for archival research.

Question 18

One advantage of situation sampling is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows the researcher to be both an observer and a participant. 
B)  researchers can get in-depth information on one individual. 
C)  there is increased generalizability. 
D)  it eliminates the need for independent variables.

Question 19

All of the following are disadvantages of telephone interviews EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Many people screen or block calls from people whom they do not know. 
B)  The researcher is more likely to obtain a biased sample using a telephone survey than a mail survey. 
C)  The researcher cannot examine nonverbal behavior of the respondent. 
D)  It is more difficult to establish rapport over the telephone than in personal interviews.

Question 20

What are the distinguishing characteristics of descriptive research methods? Give some examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the distinguishing characteristics of descriptive...

Exam 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies