Question 1

The complete set of individuals we wish to examine is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sample 
B)  stratified sample 
C)  random sample 
D)  population

Question 2

Abby is conducting an observational study of walking speed by college students between classes. She observes behavior at two time periods in the morning, two in the afternoon, and two in the evening. Abby has engaged in ___________ sampling.

Accepted Answer

A)  situation 
B)  time 
C)  qualitative 
D)  participant

Question 3

What is an ex post facto study? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an ex post facto study?...

Question 4

What is the goal of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  To describe behavior as it occurs in a natural setting 
B)  To describe the variables that are present and the relations among them 
C)  To understand cause-and-effect relationships 
D)  Both (a) and (b)

Question 5

What are some disadvantages to doing telephone interviewing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some disadvantages to doing telephone...

Question 6

What is pilot testing and why is it necessary?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is pilot testing and why is...

Question 7

If there is a positive correlation between number of hours spent studying and exam grades, then the _____ time people spend studying, the _____ their exam grades.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; lower 
B)  more; higher 
C)  less; higher 
D)  None of the above.

Question 8

In order to successfully utilize stratified random sampling, the researcher would need to

Accepted Answer

A)  have considerable knowledge of the population. 
B)  track the participants over a period of time. 
C)  utilize random sampling without replacement. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 9

Distinguish between content validity, concurrent validity, and criterion validity. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Cliff administers his "Closeness with Family" questionnaire to a sample of children when they are 9 years old and then again when they turn 15. Cliff has done ________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  single-strata 
D)  case study

Question 11

Once chosen, a score, event, or participant can be returned to the population to be selected again. This technique is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling without replacement. 
B)  random sampling with replacement. 
C)  stratified random sampling. 
D)  convenience sampling.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in developing a good survey?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify the types of questions to use. 
B)  Pilot test the items. 
C)  Develop instructions for the survey. 
D)  Write the items; make sure they are lengthy in order to examine multiple issues at once.

Question 13

Leslie and Charlie observe children on a playground and note instances of aggression displayed by the children. They have engaged in what kind of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  participant observation 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  ethnography 
D)  case study

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason why interobserver reliability might be low?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observers were not given clear, precise definitions. 
B)  The behavior in question can be interpreted by observers in different ways. 
C)  The observers are fatigued or bored. 
D)  All of the above are reasons why interobserver reliability might be low.

Question 15

If you would like to determine the percentage of the population that engages in a particular behavior, you would use a(n) _________ survey.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytic 
B)  descriptive 
C)  pilot 
D)  demographic

Question 16

________ tests are designed to measure a specific aspect of the individual's motivational state or interpersonal capability.

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality 
B)  Aptitude 
C)  Achievement 
D)  Demographic

Question 17

Describe the advantages and disadvantages associated with mail surveys.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Selective deposit refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  omissions from archival data that are not under the control of the researcher. 
B)  a research method that does not involve the manipulation of an independent variable. 
C)  the finding that participants respond differently when they know they are being observed. 
D)  Research conducted in a natural setting.

Question 19

Describe the advantages and disadvantages associated with personal interviews.

Accepted Answer