Question 1

Using the covariation model,explain a scenario in which one would likely make an internal attribution after Rosa,a 7-year old girl,told her classmate,Sally,to shut up.Do the same for an external and an interaction attribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the covariation model,explain a scenario in...

Question 2

Imagine that a woman in front of you in the supermarket line starts screaming at the person at the register.The spontaneous Western explanation for her behavior would likely be that

Accepted Answer

A)  the woman has a personality issue or character flaw. 
B)  the woman is in an unpleasant situation or environment. 
C)  there's some interaction between her personality and the situation that's causing her behavior. 
D)  the woman is having a completely random interaction with the person at the register.

Question 3

You are the manager of a department in a big company and you are going to interview a candidate for an open position.The candidate comes 30 minutes late for the interview,has several body piercings,and doesn't seem very intelligent to you.Looking at his resume,however,you discover that he has graduated from a prestigious university and has several years of experience in the area.According to research,you would be

Accepted Answer

A)  motivated to acquire more information to make the right decision about this person. 
B)  motivated to finish the interview as quickly as possible in order to conserve mental effort. 
C)  likely to hire this person without acquiring more information in order to resolve this complex situation. 
D)  likely to rely on your first impression and not hire this person.

Question 4

Thousands of U.S.banks went out of business in the 1930s as a result of customers withdrawing their deposits because they feared that the banks were running out of money.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the misapplication of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. 
B)  the correspondence bias. 
C)  a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  attributional ambiguity.

Question 5

How does the availability of cognitive resources impact accuracy motivation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the availability of cognitive resources...

Question 6

During a five-game winning streak,Coach Kay attributed the victories to teamwork and good coaching.However,during a six-game losing streak,she attributed the losses to bad luck and unfair referees.Coach Kay's pattern of attributions is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  delusion of control. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  actor-observer difference. 
D)  self-serving bias.

Question 7

The four core processes of social cognition are attention,interpretation,judgment,and memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

We are especially likely to use simplifying cognitive shortcuts when we are in a bad mood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Examination of an English-language newspaper's account and a Chinese-language newspaper's account of Dr.Gang Lu's shooting rampage found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the former mostly blamed Dr. Lu, whereas the latter mostly blamed the environment. 
B)  the latter mostly blamed Dr. Lu, whereas the former mostly blamed the environment. 
C)  both mostly blamed Dr. Lu for the incident and ignored the environment. 
D)  both were fairly even-handed in distributing blame for the incident.

Question 10

If you were interviewing candidates for a job,which of the following situations would reduce the likelihood that you would use cognitive simplification strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  if you had a high need for structure 
B)  if you were given a strict deadline by which to finish the interviews 
C)  if your own boss made you justify your candidate selection to her 
D)  if the situation was highly complex and you had a large number of people to interview

Question 11

Participants in a study by Jones and Harris were shown essays ostensibly written by students on a debate team.Which of the following possible results best demonstrates the correspondence bias? Participants thought that the author of the essay,

Accepted Answer

A)  who was required to write an anti-Castro essay, had positive attitudes toward Castro. 
B)  who was required to write a pro-Castro essay, had positive attitudes toward Castro. 
C)  who freely chose to write an anti-Castro essay, had neutral attitudes toward Castro. 
D)  who freely chose to write an anti-Castro essay, had positive attitudes toward Castro.

Question 12

Downward social comparison helps people ________,whereas upward social comparison helps people ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve mental energy; reduce their stress 
B)  be accurate; enhance their self-esteem 
C)  achieve goals; conserve effort 
D)  feel better about themselves; work toward self-improvement

Question 13

Name and describe the four core processes of social cognition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the four core processes...

Question 14

John tells his coworker Alice that he finds her charming and attractive after they have just heard a stern lecture on avoiding sexual harassment in the workplace.Alice is likely to apply the ________ principle and believe that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discounting; John is being polite and doesn't really like her 
B)  discounting; John really likes her 
C)  augmenting; John is being polite and doesn't really like her 
D)  augmenting; John really likes her

Question 15

Describe the trait of need for structure and explain how it can affect accuracy judgments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the trait of need for structure...

Question 16

Downward social comparisons typically reduce self-esteem and increase stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Discuss the roles that expectations can play in social cognitive processing.Be sure to discuss this in the context of both conserving mental effort and accuracy motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the roles that expectations can play...

Question 18

People who are motivated to be accurate tend to focus their attention on

Accepted Answer

A)  information that is inconsistent with their initial impressions. 
B)  information that is consistent with their initial impressions. 
C)  positive information. 
D)  negative information.

Question 19

Which of the following examples best fits with the definition of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  a person hitting another person 
B)  singing in front of a group of people 
C)  wondering why your date didn't show up last night 
D)  helping a child to cross the street

Question 20

The false consensus effect occurs because people use ________ as an anchor and ________ this estimate.

Accepted Answer

A)  their own views; overadjust 
B)  their own views; underadjust 
C)  the most popular view; overadjust 
D)  the most popular view; underadjust

Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

Using the covariation model,explain a scenario in which one would likely make an internal attribution after Rosa,a 7-year old girl,told her classmate,Sally,to shut up.Do the same for an external and an interaction attribution.

Imagine that a woman in front of you in the supermarket line starts screaming at the person at the register.The spontaneous Western explanation for her behavior would likely be that

Thousands of U.S.banks went out of business in the 1930s as a result of customers withdrawing their deposits because they feared that the banks were running out of money.This is an example of

How does the availability of cognitive resources impact accuracy motivation?

During a five-game winning streak,Coach Kay attributed the victories to teamwork and good coaching.However,during a six-game losing streak,she attributed the losses to bad luck and unfair referees.Coach Kay's pattern of attributions is an example of the

The four core processes of social cognition are attention,interpretation,judgment,and memory.

We are especially likely to use simplifying cognitive shortcuts when we are in a bad mood.

Examination of an English-language newspaper's account and a Chinese-language newspaper's account of Dr.Gang Lu's shooting rampage found that

If you were interviewing candidates for a job,which of the following situations would reduce the likelihood that you would use cognitive simplification strategies?

Participants in a study by Jones and Harris were shown essays ostensibly written by students on a debate team.Which of the following possible results best demonstrates the correspondence bias? Participants thought that the author of the essay,

Downward social comparison helps people ,whereas upward social comparison helps people .

Name and describe the four core processes of social cognition.

John tells his coworker Alice that he finds her charming and attractive after they have just heard a stern lecture on avoiding sexual harassment in the workplace.Alice is likely to apply the principle and believe that .

Describe the trait of need for structure and explain how it can affect accuracy judgments.

Downward social comparisons typically reduce self-esteem and increase stress.

Discuss the roles that expectations can play in social cognitive processing.Be sure to discuss this in the context of both conserving mental effort and accuracy motivation.

People who are motivated to be accurate tend to focus their attention on

Which of the following examples best fits with the definition of social cognition?

The false consensus effect occurs because people use as an anchor and this estimate.