Question 1

When people are physiologically aroused,they are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to rely on cognitive shortcuts. 
B)  more likely to rely on the availability heuristic, but less likely to rely on the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  more likely to use complex thinking. 
D)  less likely to make dispositional inferences.

Question 2

Suppose you are told that your new roommate is a member of the chess club.How is this expectation likely to influence you?

Accepted Answer

A)  You are likely to interpret ambiguous behaviors in ways that will change this expectation. 
B)  You are likely to seek information that disconfirms this expectation. 
C)  You are likely to remember behaviors that are consistent with this expectation. 
D)  You are likely to use the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

Question 3

The judgment that a person's behavior is caused by his/her personality is called a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  external inference. 
B)  dispositional inference. 
C)  consensus judgment. 
D)  person-situation interaction.

Question 4

Aline is in love with Carlos.According to the covariation model,which of the following combinations of consensus,distinctiveness,and consistency information would lead you to attribute her love to a special magic between Aline and Carlos (person and situation interaction attribution)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consensus is low, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is high. 
B)  Consensus is high, distinctiveness is high, and consistency is high. 
C)  Consensus is low, distinctiveness is high, and consistency is high. 
D)  Consensus is high, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is low.

Question 5

Thinking about one's death often results in greater self-protection efforts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The fundamental attribution error is called that because people in all cultures demonstrate it just as often.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In recent years,many books have been published about media bias.Liberals have published books proclaiming a conservative bias in the media,whereas conservatives have published books proclaiming a liberal bias in the media.The most likely social cognitive explanation for this occurrence is that

Accepted Answer

A)  either one side or the other is deliberately misrepresenting the facts. 
B)  a self-fulfilling prophecy may exist on both sides. 
C)  different people often interpret the same events differently. 
D)  dispositional inferences are made by everyone.

Question 8

How can perceiving that one has little control be adaptive? Maladaptive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can perceiving that one has little...

Question 9

Because people need to make effective decisions even when they don't have a lot of mental resources,they are likely to do all BUT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  seek information that is opposite to their expectations 
B)  use the representativeness heuristic 
C)  use the availability heuristic 
D)  make expectation-consistent judgments

Question 10

For each of the three goals of social cognition,describe (1)the strategies people use to achieve the goal and (2)at least three factors that lead people to have the goal and to employ the strategies you described.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the three goals of...

Question 11

What is downward social comparison and how can it help manage self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is downward social comparison and how...

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive simplification strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  expectation confirmation 
B)  anchoring and adjusting 
C)  downward social comparison 
D)  dispositional inferences

Question 13

A self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

A)  is the tendency for people to judge that other people's behavior was caused by their personality. 
B)  occurs when an initially inaccurate expectation leads to actions that cause the expectation to come true. 
C)  is the false belief that some people can see the future. 
D)  is the theory that attempts to explain how people determine whether or not a behavior is the result of a particular disposition.

Question 14

Most people view their future prospects optimistically and believe that they possess more favorable characteristics and abilities than the average person.This is because they are motivated to

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve mental effort. 
B)  seek accuracy. 
C)  manage their self-image. 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Festinger's (1954)social comparison theory emphasized the drive to assess one's abilities and opinions

Accepted Answer

A)  positively. 
B)  as frequently as possible. 
C)  independently of our views of others. 
D)  accurately.

Question 16

Lara,who is a teaching assistant for a psychology class,is responsible for evaluating student essays.One of the students brings his essay to her office and she can't help noticing the smell of alcohol on his breath.This is especially likely to reduce the accuracy and objectivity of Lara's evaluation if

Accepted Answer

A)  she has just read a sad story in the newspaper. 
B)  she has one hour to grade the essay. 
C)  she has only 10 minutes to grade the essay. 
D)  she has low need for structure.

Question 17

The discounting principle states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases,our confidence that any one cause is the true one should decrease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Jim is paired with Dave to work on a project.After the first meeting,Jim has discovered that Dave is homosexual.According to research on accuracy motivation,in which of the following circumstances would Jim's impression of Dave be LESS affected by Jim's negative stereotype of homosexuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jim was suspicious that Dave was homosexual even before the first meeting. 
B)  Jim has a high need for structure. 
C)  Jim's part of the project will be evaluated independently of Dave's. 
D)  The project will be evaluated as a whole, and Jim's grade will depend on Dave's work.

Question 19

Name and describe two of the factors that,according to Correspondent Inference Theory,affect how people determine the cause of an actor's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe two of the factors...

Question 20

Even though there are relatively few professors of Chinese literature and many postal workers in the U.S.,students guessed that a man who spoke Chinese and reads a lot was probably a Chinese literature professor rather than a postal worker.This is an example of using

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. 
C)  the confirmatory heuristic. 
D)  the availability heuristic.

Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

When people are physiologically aroused,they are

Suppose you are told that your new roommate is a member of the chess club.How is this expectation likely to influence you?

The judgment that a person's behavior is caused by his/her personality is called a(an)

Aline is in love with Carlos.According to the covariation model,which of the following combinations of consensus,distinctiveness,and consistency information would lead you to attribute her love to a special magic between Aline and Carlos (person and situation interaction attribution) ?

Thinking about one's death often results in greater self-protection efforts.

The fundamental attribution error is called that because people in all cultures demonstrate it just as often.

In recent years,many books have been published about media bias.Liberals have published books proclaiming a conservative bias in the media,whereas conservatives have published books proclaiming a liberal bias in the media.The most likely social cognitive explanation for this occurrence is that

How can perceiving that one has little control be adaptive? Maladaptive?

Because people need to make effective decisions even when they don't have a lot of mental resources,they are likely to do all BUT which of the following?

For each of the three goals of social cognition,describe (1)the strategies people use to achieve the goal and (2)at least three factors that lead people to have the goal and to employ the strategies you described.

What is downward social comparison and how can it help manage self-esteem?

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive simplification strategy?

A self-fulfilling prophecy

Most people view their future prospects optimistically and believe that they possess more favorable characteristics and abilities than the average person.This is because they are motivated to

Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory emphasized the drive to assess one's abilities and opinions

The discounting principle states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases,our confidence that any one cause is the true one should decrease.

Jim is paired with Dave to work on a project.After the first meeting,Jim has discovered that Dave is homosexual.According to research on accuracy motivation,in which of the following circumstances would Jim's impression of Dave be LESS affected by Jim's negative stereotype of homosexuals?

Name and describe two of the factors that,according to Correspondent Inference Theory,affect how people determine the cause of an actor's behavior.

Even though there are relatively few professors of Chinese literature and many postal workers in the U.S.,students guessed that a man who spoke Chinese and reads a lot was probably a Chinese literature professor rather than a postal worker.This is an example of using