Question 1

What does it mean when we say that people are motivated tacticians?

Accepted Answer

A)  People adopt different styles of thinking to achieve different goals. 
B)  People frequently succumb to the self-serving bias. 
C)  People think about how to beat others in competitive situations. 
D)  People display memory biases on a regular basis.

Question 2

________ increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Happiness; for a short time 
B)  Depression; when it is not severe 
C)  Desire for control; when the issue is not personally relevant 
D)  Need for structure; under time pressure

Question 3

Aline is in love with Carlos.According to the covariation model,which of the following combinations of consensus,distinctiveness,and consistency information would lead you to attribute her love to something special about Carlos (situational attribution)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consensus is low, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is high. 
B)  Consensus is high, distinctiveness is high, and consistency is high. 
C)  Consensus is low, distinctiveness is high, and consistency is high. 
D)  Consensus is high, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is low.

Question 4

Researchers who investigated cultural aspects of the fundamental attribution error found that ________ as a primary cause of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chinese and American writers both emphasize situations 
B)  Chinese and American writers both emphasize personality 
C)  Chinese writers emphasize situations and American writers emphasize personality 
D)  Chinese writers emphasize personality and American writers emphasize situations

Question 5

Emmanuel estimates that there are more sunny days than rainy days in Chicago because he can think of sunny days more quickly.Name and define the heuristic that Emmanuel has demonstrated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emmanuel estimates that there are more sunny...

Question 6

Is positive self-regard a universal desire? A recent study by Sedikides,Gaertner,and Toguchi (2003)found that

Accepted Answer

A)  members of collectivistic countries self-enhance less than members of individualistic countries. 
B)  members of collectivistic countries and members of individualistic countries both self-enhance on traits valued by their respective cultures. 
C)  members of collectivistic countries self-enhance more than members of individualistic countries. 
D)  members of collectivistic countries self-enhance just as much as members of individualistic countries, but they do so in a more secret manner.

Question 7

Jim is 6'8" tall and spends hours reading sports magazines.Given the choice that Jim is either a professional basketball player or an accountant,most people would guess that he is ________ based on their application of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a basketball player; anchoring and adjusting heuristic 
B)  a basketball player; representativeness heuristic 
C)  an accountant; representativeness heuristic 
D)  an accountant; anchoring and adjusting heuristic

Question 8

Define mortality salience and discuss how it affects our self-image management.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define mortality salience and discuss how it...

Question 9

The false consensus effect results from the

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  representativeness heuristic. 
C)  anchoring and adjustment heuristic. 
D)  availability heuristic.

Question 10

Research on the fundamental attribution error shows that humans tend to overly emphasize the effect of ________ and underappreciate the effect of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the situation; personality 
B)  personality; the situation 
C)  cognition; emotion 
D)  emotion; cognition

Question 11

Define the fundamental attribution error and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the fundamental attribution error and provide...

Question 12

According to research by Lord,Lepper,and Preston (1984),participants were less biased in their appraisal of the methodology of a scientific study when they were asked to

Accepted Answer

A)  "Consider what would you conclude if the same study produced results on the other side of the issue." 
B)  "Consider how this issue ranks in the perspective of important issues, like your own life and death." 
C)  "Think about times when you have made foolish decisions in the past." 
D)  "Try to be as objective as possible."

Question 13

Name and describe the three goals of social cognition.Discuss at least one person and one situation factor that affects the achievement of each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the three goals of...

Question 14

When we are motivated to be accurate,we are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  judge our own behavior as caused by situational factors. 
B)  rely on cognitive shortcuts. 
C)  gather more information than normal. 
D)  focus on enhancing our self-image.

Question 15

Which of the following factors was discussed as related to increased accuracy in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  low need for personal control 
B)  high need for cognition 
C)  being happy as opposed to sad 
D)  increased physiological arousal

Question 16

Individuals tend to seek information that can potentially disconfirm their expectations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements about high self-esteem people (relative to low self-esteem people)is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  High self-esteem people are more likely to use social comparison to boost their esteem. 
B)  High self-esteem people are more likely to put down others to feel better about themselves. 
C)  High self-esteem people are more likely to exaggerate their sense of control. 
D)  High self-esteem people are more likely to avoid using the self-serving bias.

Question 18

Discuss the role of culture,and the individualism/collectivism dimension in particular,on social cognition.Include discussion of research on attributional and self-enhancement processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role of culture,and the individualism/collectivism...

Question 19

Unexpected events motivate people to

Accepted Answer

A)  think in more complex ways. 
B)  protect their self-images. 
C)  engage in downward social comparison. 
D)  engage in upward social comparison.

Question 20

A mental shortcut through which people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then revise this estimate to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation is

Accepted Answer

A)  the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  the management heuristic. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

What does it mean when we say that people are motivated tacticians?

increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only .

Aline is in love with Carlos.According to the covariation model,which of the following combinations of consensus,distinctiveness,and consistency information would lead you to attribute her love to something special about Carlos (situational attribution) ?