Question 1

At what point in the research process are hypotheses developed?

Accepted Answer

A)  before reviewing literature, so that you won't be biased from other people's work 
B)  after reviewing literature and learning what previous researchers have found 
C)  after analyzing the data and determining how the variables are related 
D)  after collecting data but before conducting analyses

Question 2

A researcher who decides to measure academic success with Grade Point Average (GPA) has __________ the variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher who decides to measure academic...

Question 3

Value neutrality refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  Not letting any of your values guide your research 
B)  Trying to keep your values from distorting your research results 
C)  Allowing your values to determine which results to pay attention to and which to ignore 
D)  Developing research to confirm what you expect to find

Question 4

The Tuskegee project, in which nearly 400 African Americans were left untreated for syphilis to find out what would happen, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  harm to participants 
B)  being seduced by science 
C)  overstated results 
D)  the use of an IRB

Question 5

List, in the correct order, the eight steps in conducting research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List, in the correct order, the eight...

Question 6

One of the criteria for determining whether variable X causes variable Y is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable X must occur prior to Variable Y 
B)  Variable Y must occur prior to Variable X 
C)  Variables X and Y must occur simultaneously 
D)  The order of X and Y is not relevant

Question 7

List five of the issues that a researcher must guarantee to an institutional review board.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List five of the issues that a...

Question 8

Research occurring in its "natural" setting is

Accepted Answer

A)  Conducted in the field 
B)  Conducted in the laboratory 
C)  Quantitative 
D)  Unbiased

Question 9

Annie chooses a random sample of a neighborhood, every fifth block in a small town, and then attempts to include all the people on these blocks in her research. Annie's research is using a ________ sample.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cluster 
B)  Random 
C)  Systematic 
D)  Hierarchical

Question 10

__________ variables cause or influence __________ variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ variables cause or influence __________ variables....

Question 11

What flaw did researcher Eric Turkheimer find in past studies of twins and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  effects of diet and nutrition were not accounted for 
B)  only fraternal twins were included 
C)  only male twins were studied 
D)  only middle-class twins were studied

Question 12

Regarding bias in social research,

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither qualitative nor quantitative methods has biases 
B)  Only quantitative methods are biased 
C)  Only qualitative methods are biased 
D)  Both qualitative and quantitative methods have biases

Question 13

If people know they are being studied, they may change their behavior and even attitudes. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a spurious correlation 
B)  the survey phenomenon 
C)  the observer effect 
D)  experimental realization

Question 14

Explain the types of samples identified in the text - random, stratified, cluster, systematic, and purposive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the types of samples identified in...

Question 15

Quantitative analysis tends to use __________ reasoning, in which researchers figure out their results from demonstrable facts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Macro 
B)  Inferential 
C)  Deductive 
D)  Inductive

Question 16

Computer assisted interviewing techniques can have the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing people's likelihood of revealing sensitive information 
B)  proving the researcher's hypotheses 
C)  allowing the researcher to more easily demonstrate causation 
D)  increasing the researcher's control over extraneous, confounding, and intervening variables

Question 17

IQ is related to how much people study, which, in turn, is related to final exam scores. In this example, time studying is a(n) __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of IQ is related to how much people...

Question 18

In research, confidentiality refers to the researcher

Accepted Answer

A)  Not knowing the participants' names and/or identifying information. 
B)  Knowing but never revealing the participants' names and/or identifying information. 
C)  Confiding the participants' names and/or identifying information only to official agencies such as the government, research organizations, and universities. 
D)  Keeping the results of the research project confidential, i.e. not releasing the results

Question 19

What is deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is deductive reasoning?...

Question 20

A variable with possible responses ranging from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  Scale 
B)  Gradient correlation 
C)  Stratified index 
D)  Cluster survey

Exam 4: How Do We Know What We Know the Methods of the Sociologist