Question 1

In positive punishment,a behavior increases when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Describe in detail the classical conditioning components involved in smoking.Discuss how spontaneous recovery can cause the reoccurrence of a smoking habit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe in detail the classical conditioning components...

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Getting good grades in Math after studying hard 
B) Being treated to a good meal 
C) Getting awarded for a heroic act 
D) Receiving pocket money every month

Question 4

Five minutes are deducted from Frankie's recess hour every time he misbehaves in class.In the context of operant conditioning,his teacher is using _____ to discipline Frankie.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 5

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It produces high, steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction. 
B) It makes behavior slow and consistent. 
C) It rewards behavior each time it occurs. 
D) It is determined by the time elapsed since the last behavior was rewarded.

Question 6

Jennifer was stung by a bee several days ago and was in pain for many days.As a result of the painful experience,she cries out whenever a flying insect gets too close to her.Jennifer's reaction to flying insects best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) preparedness 
B) renewal 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 7

_____ is the process of learning the associations between two events.

Accepted Answer

A) Imitation 
B) Conditioning 
C) Preparedness 
D) Insight

Question 8

Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in Algebra no matter how hard she studies.Eventually,Shirley stops studying for Algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will help her get good grades.In this scenario,Shirley's behavior exemplifies _____ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) instinctive drift 
C) learned helplessness 
D) preparedness

Question 9

Learned helplessness occurs when an organism learns that by making a particular response,a negative stimulus can be altogether avoided.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Fred's mother allows him to watch television on Sundays only if he studies for four hours a day,every day of the week.Which of the following schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning is Fred's mother using to discipline him?

Accepted Answer

A) A fixed-ratio schedule 
B) A fixed-interval schedule 
C) A variable-ratio schedule 
D) A variable-interval schedule

Question 11

Which of the following is true of retention in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the process in which a learner must encode the information to reproduce a model's actions. 
B) It is the process in which a learner must withdraw attention from the model's actions. 
C) It is the process in which a learner's behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence. 
D) It is the process in which a learner imitates the model's actions.

Question 12

In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ from negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ...

Question 13

Jenny received a lot of praise in class when she was the only one who did her homework on time.As a result,Jenny has never had to be reminded to do her homework;she always submits it on time.In this scenario,Jenny's behavior illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning 
B) the concept of instinctive drift 
C) the phenomenon of the placebo effect 
D) Thorndike's law of effect

Question 14

In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction,every time a person drinks an alcoholic beverage,he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea.In classical conditioning terminology,the nausea-inducing agent is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) neutral stimulus 
D) reinforced stimulus

Question 15

Josh has romantic feelings for the girl who works at the comic book store down the street.He likes to go into the store and talk to her.However,he does not know which days of the week she works,so he visits the store every Sunday,when he is sure she will be there.In this scenario,Josh is operating on a _____ schedule in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable-interval

Question 16

Which of the following is true of drug habituation in the context of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The body braces itself for the effects of the drug with a conditioned response that is identical to the unconditioned response. 
B) The body braces itself for the effects of the drug with a conditioned response that is the opposite of the unconditioned response. 
C) The conditioned stimulus serves as a warning that the drug is coming, and the conditioned response works to increase the effects of the unconditioned stimulus. 
D) The conditioned response is no longer paired with the unconditioned response, and this makes the drug experience more intense.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of generalization in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response. 
B) It is the tendency of a subject to become more powerfully attracted to the conditioned stimulus than to the unconditioned stimulus it signals. 
C) It is the process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again. 
D) It is the process by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning.

Question 18

Kenny ate too many hotdogs at a baseball game.Several hours later,he felt nauseated and spent most of the night being sick.In the context of taste aversion learning,it is likely that Kenny will _____ as a result of this experience.

Accepted Answer

A) lose interest in baseball 
B) not attend another game and will only watch baseball on TV 
C) not be able to eat a hotdog at the next baseball game 
D) never eat hot dogs again

Question 19

Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and one example of vicarious punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and...

Question 20

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house.He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music.In this scenario,Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Exam 6: Learning