Examination of the Actual Ways of Organizing New Product and Service

Multiple Choice

Examination of the actual ways of organizing new product and service development suggests different organizational configurations provide several common elements.Which of these is generally not such an organizing factor?

A) Shared knowledge and/or technical information base.
B) Control mechanisms, either impersonal or inter-personal.
C) Resource allocation and performance measurement.
D) External linkages with customers, partners or suppliers.