Question 1

We associate the name of ___________ most closely with classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Robert Rescorla 
C)  Albert Bandura 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 3

On a variable-ratio schedule, reinforcement is given ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed 
B)  for the first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed 
C)  for the next correct response after a fixed number of responses have been made 
D)  for the next correct response after a varying number of responses have been made

Question 4

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a stop sign 
B)  the stimulus that acts as a UCS in classical conditioning 
C)  the white rat in Watson's Little Albert study of producing phobias 
D)  a knee jerk

Question 5

How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response. 
B)  The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
C)  The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. 
D)  The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.

Question 6

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive punishment 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  response cost

Question 7

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur more frequently is called a(n) __________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive control 
B)  punishment 
C)  antecedent 
D)  reinforcer

Question 8

When the removal of an event increases the likelihood of a prior response, _______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 9

Being able to solve new problems faster because of previous experience with similar problems is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  rote behavior 
B)  a learning set 
C)  latent learning 
D)  insight learning

Question 10

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one the organism learns to respond to is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  UCS. 
B)  UCR. 
C)  CS. 
D)  CR.

Question 11

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thorndike 
B)  Wolpe 
C)  Seligman 
D)  Bandura

Question 12

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart would race. Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 13

Which of the following types of brain imaging techniques does your textbook note can be used for neurofeedback data collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
B)  positron emission tomography (PET) 
C)  computed axial tomography (CAT) 
D)  electromyography (EMG)

Question 14

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning/performance distinction 
B)  the innate performance preference 
C)  the delayed learning paradigm 
D)  the observational delay effect

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the use of extinction with operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mother ignores her child's temper tantrum so that the behavior ultimately goes away. 
B)  A mother gives in to her child's demands for candy by buying the child some chocolate so as to quiet him or her. 
C)  A mother spanks a child when he or she starts throwing a tantrum. 
D)  A mother gives a child chocolate prior to him or her asking for it so as to keep a tantrum from occurring in the first place.

Question 16

Thorndike was known for his work with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a Skinner box 
B)  a puzzle box 
C)  modeling 
D)  monkeys

Question 17

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment by application 
B)  punishment by removal 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  punishing reinforcement

Question 18

A very high rate of responding is produced by a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  variable interval 
D)  variable ratio

Question 19

Thorndike is to _______ as Skinner is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement; Law of Effect 
B)  Law of Effect; reinforcement 
C)  reinforcement; punishment 
D)  positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

Question 20

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heartbeat 
B)  female's picture 
C)  sounds of the buzzer 
D)  viewing of the picture

Exam 5: Learning