Question 1

Many individuals decide that they feel hungry and eat lunch when they see both hands of the clock on the 12, indicating that it is noontime. This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast. In this example, the conditioned response is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the act of eating breakfast. 
B)  the act of eating lunch. 
C)  the counting of the number of hours since breakfast. 
D)  the watching of the hands of the clock.

Question 2

When Karawynn Long trained her cat Misha to use a toilet instead of a litter box, the last step in the training was teaching the cat to flush the toilet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A child is punished and temporarily stops his or her well-established bad behavior. However, the child soon goes back to acting badly. This is probably because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of punishment have habituated 
B)  many times punishment only temporarily suppresses or inhibits a behavior 
C)  the bad behavior has spontaneously recovered 
D)  the conditional emotional response to the punishment has generalized to another behavior

Question 4

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS. After time, the subject no longer makes the conditioned response. This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat became the ________ in his study.

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative stimulus 
B)  counterconditioning stimulus 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

The apparatus that has come to symbolize the theory of operant conditioning is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubik's cube. 
B)  Skinner box. 
C)  Pavlov bell. 
D)  Thorndike puzzle.

Question 7

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the ringing of the bell was the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned response 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned response

Question 8

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  aversive conditioning 
C)  punishment 
D)  positive reinforcement

Question 9

In a study on learning, the psychologist conducting the study seeks to explain the inner needs and desires that made learners pursue their goals. She is interested in the inner processes that result in learning. She is studying ___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  neurophysiological learning 
B)  primary learning 
C)  secondary learning 
D)  cognitive learning

Question 10

"If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Law of Positive Reinforcement 
B)  Rescorla's cognitive perspective 
C)  Thorndike's Law of Effect 
D)  Garcia's conditional emotional response

Question 11

Thorndike was known for his work with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a Skinner box 
B)  a puzzle box 
C)  modeling 
D)  monkeys

Question 12

An experiment finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation the UNCONDITIONED response is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heartbeat. 
B)  piece of music. 
C)  sound of the buzzer. 
D)  listening to the music.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. 
B)  Pavlov was elated when his student first noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. 
C)  Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning. 
D)  Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dog's feelings toward the food.

Question 14

After graduating from college, you are hired to work in a factory overseas as an industrial psychologist. The workers put together iPads. The boss wants to know the best pay schedule to get the maximum number of pieces made by his workers. The boss wants you to describe various schedules of payment to him and tell which might be best for the plant. Using the principles of operant conditioning, describe the various pay schedules and what would be the best one for his goal of getting the most production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After graduating from college, you are hired...

Question 15

Paul is coming down with the flu, but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill. A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea. What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 16

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most classical conditioning requires repeated trials. 
B)  One trial is usually enough for conditioning to occur. 
C)  Learning will continue to increase indefinitely. 
D)  Learning is more effective if trials follow each other very quickly.

Question 17

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  memory linkage 
D)  adaptation

Question 18

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses will be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
B)  less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
C)  more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
D)  totally resistant to extinction, unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response)

Question 19

The first time José sees a cat, his mother tells him, "That's a cat. Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully, and his mother praises him. The next day, he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television. He points at the tiger and says, "Cat!" This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  spreading activation 
C)  categorization 
D)  discrimination

Question 20

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior, the behavior is likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease 
B)  increase 
C)  remain the same 
D)  completely stop

Exam 5: Learning