Question 1

Searching the Research Literature A researcher could use a ____ to statistically summarize studies of
Ritalin's effectiveness in treating hyperactivity.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) factor analytical study 
C) literature search 
D) meta-analysis

Question 2

Building on Prior Research Which is a source of experimental hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A) deductive reasoning 
B) intuition 
C) nonexperimental studies 
D) all of these

Question 3

Building on Prior Research The most useful way of developing hypotheses is

Accepted Answer

A) conducting a survey. 
B) reviewing previous studies. 
C) using inductive reasoning. 
D) using the phenomenological approach.

Question 4

Building on Prior Research The ability to recognize the importance of an unexpected observation is most
Relevant to

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning. 
B) intuition. 
C) serendipity. 
D) the phenomenological approach.

Question 5

Introduction Which of the following is a nonexperimental hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) If people are first asked a small favor, then they will be more likely to agree to a larger request. 
B) If people live together before marriage, then they will be more likely to divorce. 
C) If people hear a news broadcast about another person's generosity, then they will make larger donations to charity 
D) If women aerobically exercise 5 hours a week, they will reduce their risk of breast cancer.

Question 6

The Inductive Model Susan suspects that her husband is having an affair because he brought her a dozen roses, washed the dishes, and asked when her mother could visit them next.Susan's hypothesis is based on

Accepted Answer

A) deduction. 
B) induction. 
C) serendipity. 
D) both induction and deduction.

Question 7

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Kirk hypothesizes that his dog dreams in color.This is not an experimental
Hypothesis because it

Accepted Answer

A) cannot be stated in an "if…then" format. 
B) cannot be tested. 
C) is an analytic statement. 
D) is not a parsimonious statement.

Question 8

The Deductive Model Researchers have used equity theory to predict behavior in diverse
Interpersonal situations (e.g., helping behavior and romantic
Relationships).These predictions were generated using ____ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) deductive 
B) inductive 
C) combined deductive and inductive 
D) synthetic

Question 9

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Which of the following hypotheses is the least parsimonious?

Accepted Answer

A) Objects fall to the earth because of gravitational pull. 
B) Walking across campus at night is dangerous if you are alone and unarmed. 
C) Prices are cheaper at Wal-Mart than at Target. 
D) People who eat healthy diets live longer than those who don't.

Question 10

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Select the contradictory statement.

Accepted Answer

A) Adversity builds character. 
B) All people are mortal. 
C) It only rains on weekends. 
D) You have a sister and are an only child.

Question 11

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis A fruitful hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A) confirms a theory. 
B) contains the fewest assumptions. 
C) is internally valid. 
D) leads to new studies.

Question 12

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Dr.Moss assures his students that they can get an A in his class as long as they study enough.We could not use his statement as an experimental hypothesis because it is not

Accepted Answer

A) parsimonious. 
B) falsifiable. 
C) heuristic 
D) fair.

Question 13

The Inductive Model Maggie is attempting to earn enough money for college by day-trading on the stock market.She noticed that a particular stock gained value yesterday and that it also gained value today.She concludes that it is a good stock that will continue to gain value in the future.This conclusion is based on

Accepted Answer

A) induction. 
B) deduction. 
C) commonsense psychology. 
D) the windfall hypothesis.

Question 14

Introduction Which nonexperimental design is likely to incorporate a hypothesis about a
Predicted relationship between variables?

Accepted Answer

A) correlational studies 
B) field experiments 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) surveys

Question 15

Introduction Words like "guess" and "hunch" are nonscientific synonyms for a

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis. 
B) law. 
C) model. 
D) theory.

Question 16

The Deductive Model Peter is about to visit his 2-year-old nephew for the very first time.Peter read that infants learn to walk by their first birthday, so he concludes that his nephew must be able to walk.This conclusion demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A) deduction. 
B) induction. 
C) intuition. 
D) serendipity.

Question 17

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Hypotheses that can be stated in an "if…then" form are
____ statements.

Accepted Answer

A) analytic 
B) contradictory 
C) parsimonious 
D) synthetic

Question 18

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis The statement, "Hungry students read slowly," is

Accepted Answer

A) analytic. 
B) contradictory. 
C) not testable. 
D) synthetic.

Question 19

The Deductive Model Deduction is the process of reasoning from

Accepted Answer

A) general principles to specific instances. 
B) hypotheses to theories. 
C) specific instances to general principles. 
D) theories to laws.

Question 20

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Maria developed the following hypothesis, "If you dress badly, then you are probably a professor." While this hypothesis is ____, it is not

Accepted Answer

A) synthetic; experimental. 
B) falsifiable; synthetic. 
C) analytic; testable. 
D) experimental; contradictory.

Exam 6: Formulating the Hypothesis

Searching the Research Literature A researcher could use a ____ to statistically summarize studies of Ritalin's effectiveness in treating hyperactivity.