Question 1

When forming impressions of people, when people tend to attach more importance to initial information that is learned about a person, this is termed the .

Accepted Answer

A)  recency effect 
B)  stereotype effect 
C)  source effect 
D)  primacy effect

Question 2

Think back to the example in the textbook, when Kim says that Art 391 is boring. Under which of the following conditions are we most likely to make a personal attribution that Kim is being overly critical?

Accepted Answer

A)  when consensus is high and distinctiveness and consistency are both low 
B)  when consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus are all low 
C)  when consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus are all high 
D)  when consistency is high and distinctiveness and consensus are both low

Question 3

Under which of the following conditions would we expect the presence of other people to have the strongest negative effect on performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a task is easy and not well learned 
B)  when a task is complex and well learned 
C)  when a task is easy and well learned 
D)  when a task is complex and not well learned

Question 4

A phone solicitor calls and asks if you would be interested in volunteering to work on a local political campaign. The job involves working 20 hours per week, you must work on Saturdays and Sundays for the next six months, and you receive no financial compensation. After politely refusing this request, the solicitor asks if you would be willing to work one evening a month on the campaign. This example best demonstrates the persuasion strategy known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the norm of reciprocity. 
B)  lowballing. 
C)  the door-in-the-face. 
D)  the foot-in-the-door.

Question 5

You are conducting a conformity experiment patterned after the one utilized by Solomon Asch. Under which of the following conditions would you expect conformity to be the highest (i.e., the most people will conform)?

Accepted Answer

A)  both when two people are in the group AND when there is at least one dissenter in the group about equally 
B)  when there are four confederates in the group 
C)  when financial incentives are offered for correct answers on an easy task 
D)  when there is at least one dissenter in the group 
E)  when there are two confederates in the group

Question 6

Repeated exposure to a stimulus tends to increase people's liking for it is a phenomenon called _.

Accepted Answer

A)  redundant attraction 
B)  the proximity effect 
C)  the mere exposure effect 
D)  repetitive affiliation

Question 7

Which of the following is least likely to be emphasized by a theorist taking a social learning view of aggressive behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  believing that aggression is rewarded or at least rarely punished 
B)  desensitization to the sight and thought of violence 
C)  modelling of aggression by attractive models 
D)  vicarious discharge of aggressive impulses

Question 8

An elderly woman accosts Susan, a news anchorwoman, on the street one day. It seems the older woman watched the television news last night during which Susan reported on a newly developed method of birth control. The woman is opposed to all methods of birth control for religious reasons and she assumed that Susan personally believes in birth control. The woman is committing the _.

Accepted Answer

A)  mistake of association 
B)  observational learning error 
C)  social facilitation tactic 
D)  fundamental attribution error

Question 9

The text makes an important distinction between prejudice, which refers to a negative attitude towards people based on their membership in a group, and which refers to how people are treated unfairly based on their group membership.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination 
B)  attribution 
C)  typecast 
D)  stereotype

Question 10

The central route to persuasion has been found to be the most effective for people who:

Accepted Answer

A)  score high on measures of social loafing. 
B)  have a high need for cognition. 
C)  rely more heavily on communicator attractiveness and similarity. 
D)  are more prone to cognitive dissonance.

Question 11

Research studies have determined that levels of conformity tend to be between individualistic cultures compared to collectivist cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated 
B)  lower 
C)  similar 
D)  higher

Question 12

The norm of social responsibility, which asserts that people should help others and contribute to the welfare of society, was mentioned as one of the social learning/cultural factors that may or may not contribute to _.

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression 
B)  altruism 
C)  empathy 
D)  prejudice

Question 13

Pat smokes cigarettes and strongly believes that doing so is bad for one's health. On a health questionnaire, Pat initially answered "No" to the question, "Do you engage in any health-harming behaviours?" Pat felt uncomfortable with that answer and changed it to "Yes." Of the alternatives below, Pat's answer-changing behaviour best reflects the notion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving biases. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  counterattitudinal behaviour. 
D)  self-perception theory.

Question 14

Carl Word and his colleagues found that White university students who were assumed to already hold prejudiced attitudes sat further away, conducted briefer interviews, and made more speech errors when interviewing black students. Which of the following constructs most readily explains the results from this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecies 
C)  stereotype threat 
D)  group polarization

Question 15

Cognitive dissonance is more likely to occur when a person feels that her actions are coerced and when the counterattitudinal behaviour her sense of self-worth.

Accepted Answer

A)  threatens 
B)  enhances 
C)  contributes to 
D)  lowers

Question 16

When we are unaware of the role that our behaviour played in shaping another person's behaviour and we then interpret the other person's behaviour as evidence that our expectation of the other person was correct all along, a is said to have occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  self-verification process 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  self-reinforcement process

Question 17

One of the reasons that people are attracted to physically beautiful individuals is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people may want to be positively judged by the company they keep. 
B)  people may want to be with people who are roughly as attractive as they are themselves. 
C)  people may like being with people who are similar to themselves. 
D)  people may like being with people who attract attention to them.

Question 18

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the least likelihood of social loafing?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the group is less important to the person 
B)  when the person is fatigued 
C)  when the task is simple and the person's input is redundant 
D)  when individual performance is being monitored

Question 19

The phenomenon in which people lose their sense of personal identity and self-awareness as a result of the anonymity provided by being in a large group of people is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  deinternalization. 
B)  disinhibition. 
C)  deindividuation. 
D)  depersonalization.

Question 20

Jon and Madison have been dating for several weeks and are both considering making their relationship exclusive and not seeing other people. According to the work on close relationships , their relationship will tend to grow closer and deeper if

Accepted Answer

A)  there is enough self-disclosure. 
B)  there is no other reasonable alternative relationships for both of them. 
C)  the relationship exceeds their respective expectations. 
D)  there is sexual intimacy. 
E)  their respective friends deem that Jon and Madison are similar.

Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context