Question 1

Which of the following, if documented, would support the recalibration theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Individuals with more nearby kin are more anger-prone than individuals lacking nearby kin.
B)   Individuals viewing angry faces are more likely to behave altruistically in subsequent economic games.
C)   High-status men and women are more anger-prone than low-status men and women.
D)   all of the above D

Question 2

Mechanisms producing aggression should lie dormant unless ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   access to reproductive age women is greater
B)   one lives in a culture that condones violence
C)   contexts that trigger aggression are encountered
D)   the individual has learned to associate aggression with acquired resources C

Question 3

Women often cite ___________ as a key cause or precipitating context of spousal abuse.

Accepted Answer

A)   male sexual jealousy
B)   men "saving face"
C)   alcohol consumption
D)   loss of status A

Question 4

Patton found that "warriorship" and status are ______________ correlated.

Accepted Answer

A)   slightly negatively
B)   slightly positively
C)   strongly negatively
D)   strongly positively

Question 5

The most common complaint of husbands about their inability to control their wives was __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   her sexual infidelity
B)   her drinking
C)   his drinking
D)   her relationship with her family

Question 6

Autonomy-limiting behaviors are __________ correlated with violence perpetrated by husbands against their wives.

Accepted Answer

A)   negatively
B)   positively
C)   not
D)   moderately

Question 7

____________wives and girlfriends are more likely to be killed by their intimate partner than _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Nonaggressive; aggressive wives and girlfriends
B)   Older; younger husbands and boyfriends
C)   Older; younger wives and girlfriends
D)   Younger; older wives and girlfriends

Question 8

Which of the following traits was associated with more anger-proneness among men but not women?

Accepted Answer

A)   strength
B)   age
C)   attractiveness
D)   intelligence

Question 9

The discovery of chimpanzees raiding a neighboring territory to assault an enemy led researchers to question __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the long-held assumption that other primates are peaceful and that only humans kill their own
B)   the long-held assumption that other primates only kill others individually rather than in cooperative alliances
C)   the motives that led the chimpanzees to commit this act
D)   whether the chimpanzees were consciously aware of their goal

Question 10

In traditional cultures, men's mortality rate due to warfare and homicide is quite high, sometimes even as high as 36 percent. This implies that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   there was likely recurrently high selective pressure on men to evolve anti-homicide mechanisms
B)   men with aggressive tendencies would rarely reproduce
C)   children exposed to this contingency between men's aggression and early death would exhibit less aggression in adulthood
D)   the heritability of aggressive traits is low

Question 11

How many cultures have been identified so far in which women form coalitions designed to kill other coalitions?

Accepted Answer

A)   zero
B)   three
C)   eleven
D)   thirty-one

Question 12

Hyde found that the largest sex difference in aggression is manifest in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive fantasies
B)   verbal aggression
C)   physical aggression
D)   imitative aggression

Question 13

Males of many species have to impress the females with their physical prowess in order to gain sexual access. What attribute makes humans different such that men experience young male syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)   IQ
B)   reputation
C)   earlier menstruation
D)   intrasexual competition

Question 14

Female same-sex verbal derogation occurs most often in ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   preschool
B)   elementary school
C)   middle school
D)   high school

Question 15

Young male syndrome is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the phenomenon of younger men being the most prone to form cooperative alliances for the purpose of exacting revenge
B)   the phenomenon of younger men being the most prone to engaging in risky forms of aggression
C)   the tendency of younger males to abuse their partners at higher rates than older males
D)   the decreased ability of younger males to withdraw from conflicts

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an essential condition that must be met for adaptations to evolve for initiating coalitional aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)   The average long-term gain in reproductive resources must be sufficiently large to outweigh the reproductive costs of engaging in warfare over evolutionary time.
B)   Members of coalitions must believe that their group will emerge victorious.
C)   The risk that each member takes and the importance of each member's contribution to the success must translate into an inequitable share of the benefits.
D)   Men who go into battle must be cloaked in a "veil of ignorance" about who will live or die.

Question 17

Men in their _________ are most likely to be the victim of a homicide; they are ____ times more likely than women to become homicide victims at this age.

Accepted Answer

A)   teens; two
B)   teens; six
C)   mid-twenties; two
D)   mid-twenties; six

Question 18

Nisbett pointed out that failure to aggress when aggressed against in "cultures of honor" can result in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of status
B)   increase in status
C)   banishment by other group members
D)   greater rates of sexual abuse

Question 19

The recalibration theory of anger __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   does not apply to mating contexts
B)   explains situations in which anger occurs in the absence of precipitating factors
C)   proposes that anger functions to increase a target's valuation of one's welfare
D)   all of the above

Question 20

Aggression perpetrated by women is often all of the following EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   less florid
B)   premeditated
C)   less violent
D)   less risky

Exam 10: Aggression and Warfare