Question 1

Axel has a sex chromosome abnormality.He has severe mental retardation and shows some evidence of repetitive self-stimulatory behaviour.Based on this description,what disorder does Axel have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supermale 
B)  fragile-X 
C)  Turner's 
D)  Klinefelter's

Question 2

Francine and her husband Jack are carriers of a genetic defect that results in a fatal metabolic disorder.Francine has just been told that she is pregnant.Which prenatal testing procedure would give Francine and Jack the earliest and most informative results regarding the health of their fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ultrasound 
B)  amniocentesis 
C)  chorionic villus sampling 
D)  genetic imprinting

Question 3

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of heredity and development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how the four central developmental themes...

Question 4

Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually rely on two types of family studies to determine the influence of heredity on a trait.Describe the rationale behind each of these research designs and also indicate the types of comparisons that can be made with each design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually...

Question 5

Blair has an autosomal abnormality.Her IQ is low and she has a number of distinctive physical features,including a protruding tongue and almond-shaped eyes.Based on this information,what syndrome does Blair have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner's 
B)  Down 
C)  fragile-X 
D)  Klinefelter's

Question 6

Suzanne is 16 and her younger sister Ellen is 13,and the two girls are as different as night and day.Suzanne is impulsive,short-tempered,and generally hard to get along with,at least from her parents' point of view,although she is very popular with adolescents of her own age.Ellen is typically quiet and pensive,much more interested in school studies than in school children,and generally reserved around other people.
(a)How do the girls rate on the introversion/extroversion scale? 
(b)In terms of genetics,how might the girls be so different? 
(c)In terms of environment,how might the girls be so different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suzanne is 16 and her younger sister...

Question 7

Christos has a sex chromosome abnormality.He is taller than most of his friends,but otherwise his appearance is typical for a male.Although he and his wife tried unsuccessfully for several years to conceive a child,his wife is now pregnant.Based on this description,which syndrome does Christos have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supermale 
B)  Turner's 
C)  fragile-X 
D)  Klinefelter's

Question 8

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the influence of shared environmental influences on a particular trait or characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  both the heritability correlation and the variation in the trait due to nonshared environmental influences 
B)  both the correlation between identical twins reared together and the correlation between identical twins reared apart 
C)  only the variation in the trait due to nonshared environmental influences 
D)  only the correlation between identical twins reared together

Question 9

List three examples of defects that are attributable to a single pair of genes rather than to chromosomal abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three examples of defects that are...

Question 10

Which of the following options describes a person who carries one dominant and one recessive gene for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  heterozygous 
B)  homozygous 
C)  codominant 
D)  corecessive

Question 11

Imagine that Mr.and Mrs.H are each heterozygous with respect to a particular trait that follows a simple dominant-recessive transmission pattern.Identify all the potential genotypes that might emerge in this couple's offspring,and indicate what percentage of the time they could expect each genotype to occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that Mr.and Mrs.H are each heterozygous...

Question 12

Marion's mother has red-green colour blindness,but her father does not.What can we predict about the colour vision of Marion and her brothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marion is colour blind, but her brothers' colour vision is normal. 
B)  All the children in this family are colour blind. 
C)  All of Marion's brothers are colour blind, but Marion's colour vision is normal. 
D)  None of the children in this family are colour blind.

Question 13

Explain the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down syndrome and describe some of the characteristics found in individuals with this syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down...

Question 14

How does the influence of shared and nonshared environmental factors on intellectual development change with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonshared factors increase and shared factors decrease 
B)  shared factors increase and nonshared factors decrease 
C)  both nonshared factors and shared factors decrease 
D)  both nonshared factors and shared factors increase

Question 15

Irving and Sarah were told by their fertility doctor that Irving's sperm contains 23 chromosomes.What does this indicate regarding Irving's ability to father children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irving is infertile. 
B)  If Sarah successfully conceives a child with Irving, the child will have a chromosomal abnormality. 
C)  Irving is a typical male. 
D)  If Sarah successfully conceives a child with Irving, the child will have a metabolic disorder.

Question 16

Nathan and Ethan are monozygotic twins.However,people seldom get the two brothers mixed up because Ethan is five centimetres shorter than Nathan.What does the difference in height imply about the two brothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two brothers have different phenotypes because Nathan is heterozygous for the "tallness" trait and Ethan is homozygous for the "tallness" trait. 
B)  Because the brothers display different phenotypes, they must have different alleles for height. 
C)  Although both brothers share the same underlying genotype, the environment has produced a difference in gene expression 
D)  The two brothers have different phenotypes because Ethan is heterozygous for the "tallness" trait and Nathan is homozygous for the "tallness" trait.

Question 17

Which statement is the most accurate description of how phenotypes arise based on underlying genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a trait is influenced by multiple genes, extreme phenotypes will appear more frequently than average phenotypes. 
B)  Most complex phenotypes arise from a simple dominant-recessive pattern. 
C)  When a trait is influenced by a single gene pair, a large number of phenotypes will be evident in the population. 
D)  Most complex phenotypes arise from polygenic patterns rather than a single dominant gene.

Question 18

Three prenatal screening methods to detect abnormalities are amniocentesis,chorionic villus sampling,and ultrasound.Describe each,noting the general kinds of abnormalities that each can detect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three prenatal screening methods to detect abnormalities...

Question 19

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the influence of nonshared environmental influences on a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  both the correlation between identical twins reared together and the correlation between identical twins reared apart 
B)  only the variation in the trait due to shared environmental influences 
C)  both the heritability ratio and the variation in the trait due to shared environmental influences 
D)  only the correlation between identical twins reared together

Question 20

Nerissa has a sex chromosome abnormality.She is short and has difficulty with tasks that require spatial reasoning.Based on this description,which syndrome does Nerissa have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poly-X 
B)  Turner's 
C)  fragile-X 
D)  Klinefelter's

Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development