Question 1

When does the fetus achieve the minimal age of viability?

Accepted Answer

A)  between weeks 8 and 12 of the pregnancy 
B)  between weeks 12 and 16 of the pregnancy 
C)  between weeks 18 and 20 of the pregnancy 
D)  between weeks 22 and 28 of the pregnancy

Question 2

In comparison to women who are between the ages of 18 and 35 when they conceive,what characterizes the environmental risks for the pregnancy of women who conceive before the age of 18?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those a. increased rates of exposure to disease 
B)  Those b. decreased access to adequate prenatal care 
C)  Those c. increased access to quality nutrition 
D)  Those d. decreased complications during childbirth

Question 3

Anne,a moderate smoker and moderate drinker,has just discovered that she is pregnant.What does most research suggest that Anne should do in order to make sure that her baby develops as healthily as possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  quit both smoking and drinking immediately 
B)  quit smoking, but there is no need for her to stop drinking socially 
C)  quit drinking, and take megadoses of vitamins C and E to counteract the effects of the cigarettes 
D)  quit drinking, but there is no need for her to quit smoking

Question 4

Whose genotype is most closely linked to placental development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the mother's 
B)  the new child's 
C)  the father's 
D)  the maternal grandmother's

Question 5

Heavy cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been linked to which congenital abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart defects 
B)  cleft lip and/or palate 
C)  mental retardation 
D)  kidney malfunction

Question 6

Use the concept of sensitive periods to explain why the developing baby is most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens during the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the concept of sensitive periods to...

Question 7

Regular use of marijuana during pregnancy been found to result in which effect on the developing child?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical malformations, particularly of the face and neck 
B)  newborns who are addicted and who will experience withdrawal symptoms after birth 
C)  an increased risk for problems with language-related behaviours 
D)  an increased life-time risk for cancer

Question 8

How do pregnancies in older mothers compare to those in younger mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older first-time mothers are less likely than women in their 20s to experience difficulties with their pregnancies. 
B)  The majority of older women have normal pregnancies and healthy babies. 
C)  Compared to younger women, older women are less likely to received adequate prenatal care early in their pregnancies. 
D)  Delaying childbearing until after age 35 decreases a woman's risk of spontaneous abortion or miscarriage.

Question 9

What is the fetal period in a pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the first 24 hours 
B)  the first two weeks 
C)  the third through the eighth week of the pregnancy 
D)  the ninth week through to birth

Question 10

The outer layer of the blastocyst forms four major support structures that protect and nourish the developing embryo or fetus.Name each structure and explain its function.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The outer layer of the blastocyst forms...

Question 11

Skye abstained from alcohol early in her pregnancy,but for the last six weeks of the pregnancy she became depressed and began to drink heavily.What is the most likely outcome for Skye's baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  He or she will be unaffected, because Skye's drinking occurred late in the pregnancy. 
B)  He or she will have few physical deformities but will have an increased risk of mental retardation. 
C)  He or she will have noticeable physical deformities and an increased risk of mental retardation. 
D)  He or she will have noticeable physical deformities but no risk of mental retardation.

Question 12

Because diethylstilbestrol mimics many of the effects of endogenous gonadal hormones,exposure to this drug would be predicted to have the largest effect on the sexual development of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  males 
B)  females 
C)  both sexes equally, as long as the infant is born full-term 
D)  both sexes equally, but only if the baby is premature

Question 13

Suppose that Baby Q received both an X and a Y chromosome at conception,but no testosterone is released during the third month of the pregnancy.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby Q's reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Baby Q will develop a female reproductive system. 
B)  Baby Q will develop a male reproductive system. 
C)  Baby Q will develop aspects of both male and female reproductive systems. 
D)  Baby Q will not develop reproductive organs.

Question 14

What is the approximate survival rate of zygotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  90 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  25 percent 
D)  10 percent

Question 15

Suppose that Baby J received both an X and a Y chromosome at the time of conception.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby J's reproductive system during the third month of the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  No hormones will be secreted, producing a male reproductive system. 
B)  Testosterone will be secreted, producing a male reproductive system. 
C)  Estrogen will be secreted, producing a female reproductive system. 
D)  No hormones will be secreted, producing a female reproductive system.

Question 16

How does a mother's emotional well-being during pregnancy affect her developing child?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does a mother's emotional well-being during...

Question 17

What is the best advice for pregnant woman regarding the use of vitamin supplements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid excessive doses of vitamins. 
B)  Ensure that vitamin intake is adequate; it is better to take too many vitamins than to take too few. 
C)  Consider eliminating vitamin supplements entirely, in order to avoid the potential for teratogenic effects. 
D)  Eliminate vitamin supplements for the first eight weeks of the pregnancy, but take extra supplemental vitamins during the second and third trimesters.

Question 18

Cocaine use during pregnancy has been associated with which outcome(s)for the developing child?

Accepted Answer

A)  sluggish, irritable, and inattentive infant behaviour 
B)  an increased risk for drug abuse and addiction once the child reaches adolescence 
C)  physical malformations, particularly of the face and limbs 
D)  accelerated fetal growth, and oversized newborns who are at an increased risk for anoxia during birth

Question 19

Of the following,which part of the body is vulnerable to teratogens only during early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the arms 
B)  the central nervous system 
C)  the eyes 
D)  the genitals

Question 20

Of the following,which part of the body is susceptible to teratogenic effects throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lower extremities 
B)  the central nervous system 
C)  the heart and the circulatory system 
D)  the genitals

Exam 4: Prenatal Development