Question 1

Larissa is babysitting her 3-month-old nephew.She is trying to interest him in one of his toys,but he keeps looking away from her.Based on the results from Fernald's research,how should Larissa speak to him to recapture his attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  with short sentences that have a falling intonation 
B)  with short sentences that have a rising intonation 
C)  with an even tone with little inflection 
D)  with babbling and cooing sounds

Question 2

List three characteristics that are typical in child-directed speech (or motherese).

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three characteristics that are typical in...

Question 3

Contrast a referential style with an expressive style of early language use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast a referential style with an expressive...

Question 4

Which of the following best defines an object scope constraint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Words refer to whole objects rather than to parts of objects or to object attributes. 
B)  Each object has one label, and different words refer to separate, nonoverlapping categories. 
C)  Each word has a unique meaning. 
D)  Novel words refer to previously unnamed referents.

Question 5

Why do adults simplify the vocabulary,structure,and length of their utterances when speaking to children?

Accepted Answer

A)  so that their speech matches the level of the utterances produced by the child 
B)  so that their speech is just below the level of the utterances produced by the child 
C)  so that their speech is just above the level of the utterances produced by the child 
D)  so that their speech is characteristic of the order of the words in a child's utterances

Question 6

Which of the following has been found to be essential,and sufficient,if the acquisition of syntax is to proceed normally?

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to other people conversing 
B)  a high rate of imitation of adult language 
C)  one-to-one conversations with a proficient speaker 
D)  parental reinforcement of correct grammatical usage

Question 7

Sometimes children will correctly use irregular words such as feet or went for a time and then begin making errors such as foots or goed.What do these errors indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the child is spending too much time hearing other children's errors 
B)  that the parents have not provided sufficient reinforcement and feedback for correctly using these words 
C)  that the child is highly motivated 
D)  that there has been an advance in the child's syntactical knowledge

Question 8

What is cooing?

Accepted Answer

A)  producing combinations of vowel sounds 
B)  producing different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort 
C)  producing consonant and vowel combinations 
D)  producing first words, but with incorrect semantic structure

Question 9

Yuko and Teresa are both 3-year-olds who have no older siblings.Yuko lives in Tokyo,Japan,and Teresa lives in Calgary,Alberta.Based on Nelson's research findings,what type of language style would you expect each girl to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yuko would have an expressive language style, whereas Teresa would have a referential language style. 
B)  Both girls would have an expressive language style. 
C)  Both girls would have a referential language style. 
D)  Yuko would have a referential language style, whereas Teresa would have an expressive language style.

Question 10

Jerome's 4-month-old daughter was upset and fussy,but after listening to her father talk to her for a few minutes she is now calm.Based on the results from Fernald's research,how did Jerome speak to her?

Accepted Answer

A)  with short sentences that had a rising intonation 
B)  with humming or soft cooing sounds 
C)  with short sentences that had a falling intonation 
D)  with an even voice, with little intonation or inflection

Question 11

When Petrov told his 3-year-old sister that "I hit the bat that flew into the attic with my baseball bat," his sister was very confused and wondered how the long wooden stick that her brother often carried could possibly fly.When Petrov's sister is able to recognize that the word bat can have two different meanings,what aspect of language knowledge will she have acquired?

Accepted Answer

A)  phonology 
B)  syntax 
C)  pragmatics 
D)  semantics

Question 12

What would an interactionist theorist place the most emphasis on in guiding language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development and the language acquisition device 
B)  the language acquisition device and biological maturation 
C)  cognitive development and biological maturation 
D)  cognitive development, biological maturation, and the language environment

Question 13

Describe what morphological knowledge is,and explain how morphological knowledge might allow children to figure out the meaning of novel words.

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Question 14

List and describe the five categories that typically characterize a toddler's first 50 words,and provide examples of words that would belong in each category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the five categories that...

Question 15

Discuss the potential benefits for minority children (e.g.,Aboriginal children in Canada)enrolled in heritage language programs.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

In addition to several other pieces of evidence,Lenneberg and others have cited commonalities in structure of Creolized languages as evidence for which theory of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  interactionist 
B)  learning 
C)  nativist 
D)  empiricist

Question 17

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of language and communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how the four central developmental themes...

Question 18

Suppose that a child heard the novel sentence "This is a biz one." According to the concept of syntactical bootstrapping,how will the child use the word biz in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  in a variety of contexts, even though he or she doesn't understand what it means 
B)  as an adjective 
C)  to refer to objects because nouns predominate in young children's speech 
D)  overextend the meaning of the word and apply it to objects inappropriately

Question 19

Outline the nativist perspective of language development.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Linguistic universals are a joint product of which processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological maturation, the language acquisition device, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
B)  biological maturation, cognitive development, and the linguistic environment 
C)  the language acquisition device and cognitive development 
D)  biological maturation and the language acquisition device

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills