Question 1

During which of the following developmental phases is the integration of conflicting self-perceptions,such as "I am popular" and "I am lonely" achieved?

Accepted Answer

A)  the early elementary grades 
B)  the later elementary grades 
C)  middle to late adolescence 
D)  early adolescence

Question 2

According to Weiner,which of the following patterns of causal attribution for successes and failures characterizes low achievers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They attribute successes to stable, internal factors, and failures to unstable, internal factors. 
B)  They attribute successes to stable, external factors, and failures to stable, internal factors. 
C)  They attribute successes to unstable, internal factors, and failures to stable, external factors. 
D)  They attribute successes to unstable, external factors, and failures to stable, internal factors.

Question 3

Raoul's mother wants to help him understand that failures are a part of learning and something that can be overcome.If she wants to motivate Raoul to succeed,which of the following should she tell him?

Accepted Answer

A)  He is smart. 
B)  The work was easy. 
C)  He tried a good strategy. 
D)  The work was very difficult.

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding preschoolers' awareness of the psychological characteristics of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have no awareness of the psychological characteristics of others. 
B)  They are aware of the psychological characteristics of others even if they do not necessarily demonstrate that knowledge in all contexts. 
C)  They rely heavily on psychological characteristics as a basis for making playmate choices. 
D)  They understand that situational factors influence the psychological characteristics that a person displays.

Question 5

Suppose you overhear a group of students discussing the results of their Psychology midterm.Based on current research findings,which of the following statements would be made by the student with an external achievement attribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I can't understand her English during the lecture." 
B)  "I was tired because I was called in to work the graveyard shift the night before." 
C)  "The test was too hard and was unfair." 
D)  "I am never going to learn this material; I am no good at Psychology."

Question 6

Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness orientation,and provide an example to illustrate the difference between the two.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness...

Question 7

How does one's culture affect the development of self-esteem? Describe the results of research that has addressed the differences in the development of self-esteem between individualistic and collectivist societies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does one's culture affect the development...

Question 8

Discuss the issue of suicide in Canadian adolescents and adults.How do sex and culture influence the rates of suicide and the patterns of suicide attempts versus suicide completions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the issue of suicide in Canadian...

Question 9

Suppose you overheard the following piece of gossip: "Greg never gets a second date with any woman because he is totally clueless about others' thoughts,needs,or wants." Based on this description,what do others see Greg as being deficient in?

Accepted Answer

A)  person perception 
B)  his extended self 
C)  his self-esteem 
D)  personal agency

Question 10

Although Gary recognizes that he is generally relaxed and confident,it bothers him that there are times when he is nervous and lacking in self-confidence.He wonders why he can't be confident all the time.Based on this information,how old is Gary?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 7 years 
B)  13 to 14 years 
C)  about 15 years 
D)  17 years or older

Question 11

Which parenting style is typical of parents whose children have low levels of achievement motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  permissive 
B)  authoritarian 
C)  authoritative 
D)  autocratic

Question 12

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change from early childhood to middle childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline how children's responses to the question...

Question 13

The achievement of which identity status is most likely to characterize individuals who feel neglected or rejected by their parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  achievement 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure

Question 14

List and describe each of Selman's stages of social perspective taking; indicating for each the relationship to the child's general stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe each of Selman's stages...

Question 15

Leon is a Grade 6 teacher who assigns marks based on the quality of submissions,rather than the effort expended on the project.Leon's method of grading represents which view of ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  approval-seeking 
B)  entity 
C)  incremental 
D)  mastery

Question 16

Which of the following best captures Archer's conclusions regarding adolescents' attitudes of their emerging adult roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The only concerns the teens reported were for their social life and their romantic relationships. 
B)  The teens' concerns confirmed that identity achievement occurs in all domains at the same time. 
C)  The teens' concerns confirmed that identity achievement may be in several different phases of identity formation at the same time, depending on the context. 
D)  Of all the concerns reported, academic achievement and future career paths were the most common.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be facilitated by the emergence of mature role-taking skills in a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  personal agency 
B)  attribution identity 
C)  multiple social contacts 
D)  meaningful friendships

Question 18

Bill is an adolescent who has chosen a religious identity without exploring potential alternatives to his beliefs.Which of Marcia's categories of identity formation does Bill's choice represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement 
B)  diffusion 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure

Question 19

Based on Stipek's findings,what is the earliest year of age you would expect to see a child display shame,rather than mere disappointment,following a failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 20

Griffin just looked in the mirror and saw a spot on the nose of his image.If Griffin is 2 years old,how will he react?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will ignore the image. 
B)  He will rub at the spot on his nose. 
C)  He will stare at the image, but ignore the spot 
D)  He will rub at the spot on the mirror.

Exam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition