Question 1

The authors of your text described the history behind a clever experiment conducted by Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977).Lacking inspiration when trying to design the experiment,the researchers decided that noise outside their office door was distracting them.They decided to use noise as a distraction in their experiment and predicted that distracting noises would influence participants' judgments,even though they didn't know they were distracted by the noise.Results of the actual experiment showed that although participants' ratings of a film were not affected by distracting noises,participants erroneously thought they were.This anecdote provided by your authors demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is often difficult to show a causal relationship. 
B)  researchers and participants sometimes share incorrect causal theories. 
C)  Richard Nisbett knows how to operate a power saw. 
D)  people often know more about the causes of their behaviours than they can explain to researchers. 
E)  noise is not distracting enough in social psychology experiments.

Question 2

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977)had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants had highly accurate perceptions about the effect of distracting noises. 
B)  participants did not enjoy the film if they were distracted by background noise. 
C)  background noise had a huge effect on the ratings of the film. 
D)  participants were unable to concentrate on the film. 
E)  participants erroneously believed that noise affected their evaluations of the film.

Question 3

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid the overjustification effect. 
B)  enhance leaf-raking performance. 
C)  enhance their extrinsic motivation. 
D)  undermine their intrinsic motivation. 
E)  produce the overjustification effect.

Question 4

According to self-perception theory,if you are not sure how much you like classical music,you are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in introspection. 
B)  observe your own behaviour to figure it out. 
C)  observe how much your friends like classical music. 
D)  make a decision based on other people's opinions of classical music. 
E)  seek confirmation of your self-concept.

Question 5

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

Accepted Answer

A)  Debra, whose friends nudged her to get her to applaud 
B)  Tim, who sat right in front of the flashing "applause" sign 
C)  Frank, who received free tickets 
D)  Julie, who could see that Dave was looking at her 
E)  André, whose hands stung from clapping so much

Question 6

The principal of a local elementary school plans to implement a "Reading for Cash" program,in which children would be given cash rewards for reading.Before investing in this plan,the principal asks for your assessment.Because ___________,you would probably tell her that the program would not be an effective way to increase interest in reading.

Accepted Answer

A)  cash rewards tend to increase performance on a task 
B)  any forms of encouragement tend to reduce intrinsic motivation 
C)  external rewards tend to reduce any inherent intrinsic interest 
D)  intrinsic interests tend to weaken over time regardless of incentives 
E)  external rewards tend to increase any inherent intrinsic interest

Question 7

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A)  if our ideal self was compared to a very successful person 
B)  if our usual self was compared to an inspiring person 
C)  if our current self was compared to our past self 
D)  if our usual self was compared to a our current self 
E)  if our usual self was compared to an unsuccessful person

Question 8

Performance-contingent rewards are a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-verification. 
B)  intrinsic reward. 
C)  over-justification. 
D)  task-contingent reward. 
E)  extrinsic reward.

Question 9

From the perspective of self-awareness theory,alcohol abuse,binge eating,and suicide are alike in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  enable people who feel guilty to punish themselves. 
B)  are coping mechanisms used by people with low self-esteem. 
C)  make long-term self-focus impossible. 
D)  provide temporary or permanent relief from unpleasant self-awareness. 
E)  make self-focus aversive or unpleasant.

Question 10

When Linda was a child,her friends at school all earned a lot of money if their grades were good.Linda went to her parents and asked that she be given money for good report cards.Her parents agreed.She would earn a nickel for every "A" and a dollar if she earned "all A's." Her friends,of course,were offered much more money for good grades.Using self-perception theory and the overjustification effect,explain why Linda's parents might have offered her such meager monetary rewards for academic success.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Linda was a child,her friends at...

Question 11

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsically motivated 
B)  generating a reason 
C)  justifying her desire 
D)  extrinsically motivated 
E)  causally motivated

Question 12

The text concludes that,in terms of self-awareness,East Asians have a(n)________ perspective whereas Westerners have a(n)________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; negative 
B)  outsider; insider 
C)  submissive; dominant 
D)  concrete; abstract 
E)  absolute; relative

Question 13

"My close relationships are an important reflection of who I am" and "when I think of myself,I often think of my close friends and family also" are two items from a scale which was designed to measure individual differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem and competition. 
B)  relational interdependence. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  private and public self-consciousness. 
E)  cooperation and competition.

Question 14

_______ refers to the process of looking inward and examining our thoughts,feelings,and motives.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-enhancement 
B)  Self-awareness 
C)  Self-examination 
D)  Self-efficacy 
E)  Introspection

Question 15

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of us conceive of the self...

Question 16

People strive to uphold their negative self-beliefs only when they

Accepted Answer

A)  have high self-esteem. 
B)  are uncertain of those beliefs. 
C)  are highly certain of those beliefs. 
D)  become self-protective, and self-justification is inevitable. 
E)  are focused on maintaining the self-esteem of close friends and family.

Question 17

According to self-perception theory (Bem,1972),we infer the kind of person we are and what our attitudes are by

Accepted Answer

A)  carefully considering our emotions. 
B)  engaging in introspection about the reasons for our behaviours. 
C)  looking to others to see how they respond to us. 
D)  observing our own behaviours, just as we would observe other's. 
E)  comparing our behaviours to our internal values and standards.

Question 18

_______ is who we are,and _______ is our best self.

Accepted Answer

A)  actual self; ideal self 
B)  actual self; personal self 
C)  current self; ideal self 
D)  actual self; ought self 
E)  personal self; social self

Question 19

Jana's New Year's resolution is to train to run a 10km race.She has been doing great,getting up to go on a run at 7am five days a week,including this morning.When she's headed to work after her run,she gets to the subway station and finds that there is a service disruption.She will have to wait 15 minutes for the next train.Based on the self-control approach,what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jana will sigh, then start reading the book that she brought. 
B)  Jana will decide that a walk would be nice and leave the station. 
C)  Jana will grumble about the train being late and snap at the person who accidentally steps on her foot. 
D)  When she's on the train, Jana will offer her seat to a senior citizen who gets on at the next stop. 
E)  Jana will enjoy some healthy snacks.

Question 20

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

Accepted Answer

A)  do not consider social interaction important. 
B)  do not hold differentiated self-concepts. 
C)  are more likely to defer to authority than Americans. 
D)  have a more interdependent concept of self than Americans. 
E)  are more authoritarian than Americans.

Exam 5: The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977) had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

According to self-perception theory,if you are not sure how much you like classical music,you are likely to

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

Performance-contingent rewards are a type of

From the perspective of self-awareness theory,alcohol abuse,binge eating,and suicide are alike in that they

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

The text concludes that,in terms of self-awareness,East Asians have a(n) perspective whereas Westerners have a(n) perspective.

"My close relationships are an important reflection of who I am" and "when I think of myself,I often think of my close friends and family also" are two items from a scale which was designed to measure individual differences in

_______ refers to the process of looking inward and examining our thoughts,feelings,and motives.

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

People strive to uphold their negative self-beliefs only when they

According to self-perception theory (Bem,1972) ,we infer the kind of person we are and what our attitudes are by

_ is who we are,and _ is our best self.

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

Exam 5: The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977) had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

According to self-perception theory,if you are not sure how much you like classical music,you are likely to

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

In which of the following circumstances would we generally feel worse after social comparison?

Performance-contingent rewards are a type of

From the perspective of self-awareness theory,alcohol abuse,binge eating,and suicide are alike in that they

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

The text concludes that,in terms of self-awareness,East Asians have a(n) ________ perspective whereas Westerners have a(n) ________ perspective.

"My close relationships are an important reflection of who I am" and "when I think of myself,I often think of my close friends and family also" are two items from a scale which was designed to measure individual differences in

_______ refers to the process of looking inward and examining our thoughts,feelings,and motives.

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

People strive to uphold their negative self-beliefs only when they

According to self-perception theory (Bem,1972) ,we infer the kind of person we are and what our attitudes are by

_______ is who we are,and _______ is our best self.

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

The text concludes that,in terms of self-awareness,East Asians have a(n) perspective whereas Westerners have a(n) perspective.

_ is who we are,and _ is our best self.