Question 1

Which auditory pathways play a role in modulating the motile response, activating the acoustic reflex, and blocking task-irrelevant ascending auditory signals?

Accepted Answer

A)   the ascending pathways
B)   the descending pathways
C)   the lateral pathways
D)   the horizontal pathways B

Question 2

How does diffraction of sound waves explain both the effectiveness of the interaural time difference and the ineffectiveness of the interaural-level difference in discerning the azimuth of a low-frequency sound?

Accepted Answer

Low-frequency sounds easily diffract around a listener's head. These sounds are clearly heard by both ears, regardless of their source. As a result, the amplitude of low-frequency sounds is virtually identical for each ear, making the interaural-level difference an ineffective source of azimuth information. However, it will still take additional time for a sound originating from a listener's side to reach the more distant ear, making the interaural time difference effective in discerning azimuth.

Question 3

Azimuth refers to the _____ dimension.

Accepted Answer

A)   front-to-back
B)   side-to-side
C)   up-down
D)   near-to-far B

Question 4

A listener will find it difficult to judge the frequency of two sequential tones if:

Accepted Answer

A)   two different-frequency captor tones are also included.
B)   two same-frequency flanker tones and a series of same-frequency captor tones are also included.
C)   several same-frequency captor tones are also included.
D)   two same-frequency flanker tones are also included.

Question 5

Neurons that respond to different ILDs are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   medial superior olive.
B)   lateral geniculate body.
C)   cochlea.
D)   auditory cortex.

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about the precedence effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Direct sounds will reach the ear earlier than reflected sounds.
B)   People with medial geniculate body implants demonstrate the precedence effect.
C)   There are more reflected sounds when inside a room than when outside in a field.
D)   Reflected sounds will have lower amplitudes than direct sounds.

Question 7

The auditory core region consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A)   belt.
B)   parabelt.
C)   rostrotemporal core.
D)   medial geniculate body.

Question 8

The FIRST step in auditory scene analysis is to organize the input into a set of distinct:

Accepted Answer

A)   auditory streams.
B)   acoustic shadows.
C)   frequency ranges.
D)   locations.

Question 9

In addition to the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus, the secondary ascending auditory pathway from the right ear includes the:

Accepted Answer

A)   contralateral cochlear nucleus and the contralateral auditory cortex.
B)   ipsilateral superior olivary complex and the ipsilateral auditory cortex.
C)   contralateral inferior colliculus and the contralateral auditory cortex.
D)   contralateral inferior colliculus and the ipsilateral auditory cortex.

Question 10

According to Albert S. Bregman's description of auditory scene analysis:

Accepted Answer

A)   unrelated auditory streams rarely start or stop at exactly the same time.
B)   unrelated auditory streams typically start and stop at the same time.
C)   a single auditory stream typically includes an abrupt change in frequency, amplitude, or timbre.
D)   each of the frequency components of a single auditory stream tends to change independently of the others.

Question 11

A sound source located directly in front of a listener will produce the same ILD and ITD as a source located directly behind the listener until the listener:

Accepted Answer

A)   closes her eyes.
B)   wiggles her ears.
C)   moves her head.
D)   closes her eyes or wiggles her ears.

Question 12

Interaural level difference refers to the difference in:

Accepted Answer

A)   arrival time for two distinct sounds at one of the ears.
B)   the sound level of the same sound at the two ears.
C)   location within the cone of confusion.
D)   the sound level for two distinct sounds at one of the ears.

Question 13

Tonotopic maps in the auditory core regions have shown that the:

Accepted Answer

A)   arrangement of neurons is related to temporal coding but not to place coding along the basilar membrane.
B)   characteristic frequencies of the neurons appear to be randomly determined.
C)   characteristic frequencies of the neurons appear to be organized by amplitudes.
D)   characteristic frequencies of the neurons gradually shift from lower at one end to higher at the other end.

Question 14

The Doppler effect states that the frequency of a sound emitted by a moving sound source is _____ in front of the sound source than behind it.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher
B)   lower
C)   simpler
D)   clearer

Question 15

According to researchers Schreiner et al. (2000), neurons with broad tuning widths might be involved in:

Accepted Answer

A)   integrating component frequencies of complex sounds.
B)   distintegrating component frequencies of complex sounds.
C)   identifying only a narrow band of frequencies when the amplitude of a stimulating tone is high.
D)   identifying wide range of frequencies when the amplitude of a stimulating tone is fairly low.

Question 16

Five pure tones are presented simultaneously such that three of them are harmonics of the same fundamental tone and one is a nonharmonic tone. How many auditory streams would the listener perceive?

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   five

Question 17

Explain this analogy: auditory scene analysis is like trying to determine the activity on a lake by looking at the waves striking a one-foot-wide section of the shore.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain this analogy: auditory scene analysis is...

Question 18

An acoustic shadow has a much greater effect on:

Accepted Answer

A)   people with small heads than on people with big heads.
B)   women than on men.
C)   low-frequency sounds than on high-frequency sounds.
D)   high-frequency sounds than on low-frequency sounds.

Question 19

Sometimes, when listening to music over a pair of headphones, an individual visualizes a live performance of a band. The person also visualizes the location of each musical instrument and the singer on the stage. (A) Explain how this effect is achieved. (B) Explain whether the music can be produced such that it is perceived as coming from behind the listener.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sometimes, when listening to music over a...

Question 20

Which structure in the ascending auditory pathway is found in the brain stem?

Accepted Answer

A)   the medial geniculate body
B)   the superior olivary complex
C)   the inferior colliculus
D)   the auditory cortex

Exam 11: The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes