Question 1

Standing at an arrival gate, you scan the faces of the passengersas they walk off the plane, looking for your friend. This visual information is being processed in your:

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobe.
B)  parietal lobe.
C)  frontal lobe.
D)  temporal lobe. A

Question 2

Why was the split-brain operation first performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  to study the specialized abilities of the left and right hemispheres
B)  to help control recurring epileptic seizures
C)  to identify the location of motor centers in the brain
D)  to treat people suffering from severe forms of aphasia B

Question 3

An antagonist is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Many brain functions involve the activation of _____ that link different brain regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones
B)  reflexes
C)  neural pathways
D)  nerves

Question 5

Psychologist Roger Sperry is best known for his:

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery of neurogenesis in the brains of rats.
B)  case studies of stroke patients with language difficulties.
C)  studies of rats that were raised in "impoverished" versus "enriched" environments.
D)  studies of split-brain patients.

Question 6

Humans and nonhuman primates are born with all the brain neurons they will ever have, and there is no evidence that newneurons grow and develop after birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The amygdala is involved in a variety of emotional responses,including fear, anger, and disgust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, and it plays an important role in the letdown of milk in nursing mothers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Broca is to _____ as Wernicke is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive aphasia; receptive aphasia
B)  left cerebral hemisphere; right cerebral hemisphere
C)  structural plasticity; functional plasticity
D)  receptive aphasia; expressive aphasia

Question 10

The synaptic vesicles are tiny pouches that hold the special chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron, which are called neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The action potential is the brief electrical impulse that is transmitted along the axon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Humans are the only species that display a preference for handedness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Juliana began taking violin lessons as a young child. As a teenager, she participated in a research study in which MRI scans of teenagers who had played the violin for several years were compared to MRI scans of other teenagers who had never played a musical instrument. The MRI scans of the teenage violinists showed that brain regions devoted to control of thefine muscles of the hands and fingers were larger in the teenage musicians than in the nonmusicians. This example illustratesthe important phenomenon of:

Accepted Answer

A)  functional plasticity.
B)  structural plasticity.
C)  lateralization of function.
D)  myelin regrowth.

Question 14

Franz Gall, a German physician and anatomist, invented the psychograph machine in the early 1900s to improve the accuracy of phrenology measurements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

German researchers conducted a study investigating what happens to the brain when we learn a new, challenging skill.Participants learned to juggle and then had brain scans taken  using MRI. What changes did the MRI scans reveal?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 3 to 4 percent increase in gray matter in two brain regions involved in perceiving, remembering, and anticipating complex motions
B)  a 3 to 4 percent increase in white matter in a brain region involved in kinesthetic sense
C)  a 3 to 4 percent decrease in white matter in two brain regions involved in perceiving, remembering, and anticipating complex motions
D)  There were no brain changes identifiable in the scans.

Question 16

Although people with Wernicke's aphasia can speak easily,they often have trouble understanding written or spoken communication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is the result of sodium ions moving across the axon's membrane during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inside of the axon changes to a negative electrical charge.
B)  The outside of the axon changes to a positive electrical charge.
C)  The inside of the axon changes to a positive electrical charge.
D)  The nodes of Ranvier close.

Question 18

The implication of Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis was that exercise promotes the growth of newneurons in the human brain just as it does in other mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A neuron's resting potential is due to the greater concentration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium and sodium ions outside of the neuron.
B)  potassium and sodium ions inside of the neuron.
C)  potassium ions inside the neuron and the greater concentration of sodium ions outside the neuron
D)  sodium ions inside the neuron and the greater concentration of potassium ions outside the neuron.

Question 20

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are manufactured by the_____ in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal glands; endocrine system
B)  pineal gland; endocrine system
C)  thyroid gland; limbic system
D)  pituitary gland; limbic system

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Standing at an arrival gate, you scan the faces of the passengersas they walk off the plane, looking for your friend. This visual information is being processed in your:

Why was the split-brain operation first performed?

An antagonist is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell.

Many brain functions involve the activation of _____ that link different brain regions.

Psychologist Roger Sperry is best known for his:

Humans and nonhuman primates are born with all the brain neurons they will ever have, and there is no evidence that newneurons grow and develop after birth.

The amygdala is involved in a variety of emotional responses,including fear, anger, and disgust.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, and it plays an important role in the letdown of milk in nursing mothers.

Broca is to _ as Wernicke is to _.

The synaptic vesicles are tiny pouches that hold the special chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron, which are called neurotransmitters.

The action potential is the brief electrical impulse that is transmitted along the axon.

Humans are the only species that display a preference for handedness.

Franz Gall, a German physician and anatomist, invented the psychograph machine in the early 1900s to improve the accuracy of phrenology measurements.

German researchers conducted a study investigating what happens to the brain when we learn a new, challenging skill.Participants learned to juggle and then had brain scans taken using MRI. What changes did the MRI scans reveal?

Although people with Wernicke's aphasia can speak easily,they often have trouble understanding written or spoken communication.

What is the result of sodium ions moving across the axon's membrane during an action potential?

The implication of Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis was that exercise promotes the growth of newneurons in the human brain just as it does in other mammals.

A neuron's resting potential is due to the greater concentration of:

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are manufactured by the_ in the _.