Question 1

Oligodendrocytes provide connections between neurons and blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Randy exercises more than most people and continues to train even when he has a cold or an injury. His friends joke that Randy seems addicted to exercise. According to Focus on Neuroscience, Randy's compulsive exercising:

Accepted Answer

A) may be due to the involvement of his brain's opioid system and the production of endorphins. 
B) is an indicator of decreased levels of dopamine and increased risk of Parkinson's disease. 
C) may be due to the involvement of his limbic system and the production of acetylcholine. 
D) is an indicator of the overproduction of dopamine and an increased risk of schizophrenia.

Question 3

The graph shows the changing electrical charge of a neuron when it activates. Pick the alternative that correctly labels thedifferent phases depicted in the graph.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 = action potential, 2 = stimulus threshold, 3 = refractory period, 4 = resting potential 
B) 1 = ions cross membrane, 2 = action potential, 3 = stimulus 
C) thre 1 = dsholdep, 4 = dolarizatepionolariz, 2 = acationtion p Incootrrecential, 3 = stimt ulus threshold, 4 = repolarization 
D) 1 = resting potential, 2 = ions cross membrane, 3 = action potential, 4 = refractory period

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form the myelin sheath, afatty covering that is wrapped around the axons of someneurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

This image depicts the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.Which area processes information about body sensations and contains the somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) frontal lobe 
B) parietal lobe 
C) occipital lobe 
D) temporal lobe

Question 6

During the action potential:

Accepted Answer

A) the electrical charge of the neuron changes from positive to negative. 
B) sodium ions rush into the interior of the axon. 
C) sodium ions rush out of the interior of the axon. 
D) potassium ions flow into the interior of the axon.

Question 7

Parkinson's disease often involves the degeneration of neuronsthat produce _____, which are located in a brain area called the_____.

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin; somatosensory cortex 
B) dopamine; substantia nigra 
C) acetylcholine; thalamus 
D) norepinephrine; pons

Question 8

Current research shows that structural plasticity is limited toregions in the hindbrain and midbrain; there is no evidence supporting structural plasticity in forebrain structures,including the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

As you are walking on a beach, you pick up an odd-looking seashell that has a very rough texture. As you rub your finger sover the shell, the sensory messages are communicated via the_____ nervous system to the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic 
B) autonomic 
C) sympathetic 
D) parasympathetic

Question 10

As you take this test, you do not have to focus on taking your next breath or making your heart beat. This is because the_____ is involved in the control of vital life functions, such asbreathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) medulla 
B) pons 
C) thalamus 
D) parietal lobe

Question 11

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been found to be most depleted in Alzheimer's patients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking, and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously, he jerked his handback, a reflexive action that was processed:

Accepted Answer

A) in his spinal cord. 
B) simultaneously in his spinal cord and brain. 
C) first in his brain, then a moment later in his spinal cord. 
D) with no involvement of the central nervous system.

Question 13

Acetylcholine is:

Accepted Answer

A) found in sensory neurons but not motor neurons. 
B) involved in movement and memory. 
C) manufactured by glial cells. 
D) dramatically decreased in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease.

Question 14

This cross-sectional drawing of the human brain depicts four structures that are key components of the limbic system. Which brain structure processes and integrates information from allthe senses, except smell?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) thalamus 
C) hippocampus 
D) amygdala

Question 15

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the movement of watermolecules in brain tissue along the axons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Researchers using PET scans to study the opioid system in long-distance runners are likely to find increased brain levels of_____ following a long run.

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) endorphins 
C) GABA 
D) cerebrospinal fluid

Question 17

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptorsite and triggers a response in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

How does cocaine achieve its effects?

Accepted Answer

A) It mimics dopamine. 
B) It interferes with the reuptake of dopamine 
C) It mimics serotonin. 
D) It blocks the reuptake of endorphins.

Question 19

Compared with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system produces its effects muchmore rapidly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that:

Accepted Answer

A) blocks a receptor site and inhibits or prevents a response in the receiving cell. 
B) binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell. 
C) is released in response to stress or trauma and reduces the perception of pain. 
D) blocks the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its effect.

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Oligodendrocytes provide connections between neurons and blood vessels.

Randy exercises more than most people and continues to train even when he has a cold or an injury. His friends joke that Randy seems addicted to exercise. According to Focus on Neuroscience, Randy's compulsive exercising:

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form the myelin sheath, afatty covering that is wrapped around the axons of someneurons.

This image depicts the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.Which area processes information about body sensations and contains the somatosensory cortex?

During the action potential:

Parkinson's disease often involves the degeneration of neuronsthat produce _, which are located in a brain area called the_.

Current research shows that structural plasticity is limited toregions in the hindbrain and midbrain; there is no evidence supporting structural plasticity in forebrain structures,including the cerebral cortex.

As you are walking on a beach, you pick up an odd-looking seashell that has a very rough texture. As you rub your finger sover the shell, the sensory messages are communicated via the_____ nervous system to the central nervous system.

As you take this test, you do not have to focus on taking your next breath or making your heart beat. This is because the_____ is involved in the control of vital life functions, such asbreathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been found to be most depleted in Alzheimer's patients.

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking, and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously, he jerked his handback, a reflexive action that was processed:

Acetylcholine is:

This cross-sectional drawing of the human brain depicts four structures that are key components of the limbic system. Which brain structure processes and integrates information from allthe senses, except smell?

Diffusion spectrum imaging tracks the movement of watermolecules in brain tissue along the axons.

Researchers using PET scans to study the opioid system in long-distance runners are likely to find increased brain levels of_____ following a long run.

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptorsite and triggers a response in the cell.

How does cocaine achieve its effects?

Compared with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system produces its effects muchmore rapidly.

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that: