Question 1

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) may indicate

Accepted Answer

A)   extremely high intelligence.
B)   predisposition to Alzheimer's disease.
C)   brain pathologies such as neural atrophy.
D)   emotional pathology. C

Question 2

Evidence has shown that the in frontal activity in older adults may be a response to the efficiency of neural processing related to the perceptual areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; increased
B)   decrease; increased
C)   function; increased
D)   increase; decreased D

Question 3

Erikson and colleagues (2009) were interested in whether aerobic exercise had any effect on the volume of the hippocampus, a key brain structure related to memory. To assess this, they had older adults

Accepted Answer

A)   play basketball.
B)   take yoga classes.
C)   swim laps each day.
D)   exercise on a motorized treadmill. D

Question 4

Executive functioning failures in older adults can be seen when older adults

Accepted Answer

A)   have difficulty factoring out false information in an article they are reading.
B)   have trouble recognizing familiar faces.
C)   have problems maintaining their balance and coordination.
D)   experience visual difficulties such as distinguishing certain colors and reduced night vision.

Question 5

The neurocorrelational approach attempts to link measures of cognitive performance to measures of brain

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which approach compares the brain functioning of healthy older adults with adults displaying various pathological disorders of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neurobiological
B)   Bioneurosocial
C)   Psychological
D)   Neuropsychological

Question 7

The ability, termed Theory of Mind, _________ during childhood and ____________ after age 75.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases; increases
B)   increases; decreases
C)   increases; remains stable
D)   remains stable; increases

Question 8

One of the most significant findings in the neuroscience literature is the observed of neural activation patterns in older adults' brain activity when compared with the brain functioning of younger adults.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonlateralization
B)   increased lateralization
C)   reduced lateralization
D)   effortful lateralization

Question 9

The main point of functional brain imaging research is to establish how age-related deterioration in specific brain structures affects a person's ability to perform various tasks,

Accepted Answer

A)   measuring both at the same time.
B)   after their abilities show loss.
C)   by measuring activity in brain structures first and then the ability to perform various tasks second.
D)   by measuring the ability to perform various tasks first and the activity in the brain second.

Question 10

is a multifaceted concept that involves the changes in structure and function of the brain over time as the result of the interaction of the brain with the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasticity
B)   Neurality
C)   Neuroscience
D)   Neurofibrillation

Question 11

Research on the potential of neural stem cells took a major leap forward in 2007 with the founding of the

Accepted Answer

A)   New Jersey Institute on Behavioral Science.
B)   New York Neural Stem Cell Institute.
C)   New York Institute on Behavioral Science.
D)   New Hampshire Institute on Neurobiological Science.

Question 12

The P-FIT theory created by Jung and Haier (2007) was based upon

Accepted Answer

A)   a cross-sectional study of 120 Alzheimer's patients.
B)   a meta-analysis of 37 research studies.
C)   Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
D)   a longitudinal study of 500 individuals with dementia.

Question 13

SPECT and PET are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   structural neuroimaging techniques.
B)   functional neuroimaging techniques.
C)   Alzheimer's assessments.
D)   behavioral tests that assess frontal lobe atrophy.

Question 14

Overall, there is considerable shrinkage that occurs in the aging brain. However, the shrinkage is selective. The prefrontal cortex, the , and the all show profound shrinkage.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe; left cortex
B)   parietal; occipital
C)   cerebellum; amygdale
D)   hippocampus; cerebellum

Question 15

Contrary to what was previously thought, brain cells can regenerate, even in late life, under the right circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Collectively, the neurons that use dopamine are called the

Accepted Answer

A)   dopaminergic system.
B)   limbic system.
C)   inhibition system.
D)   pain adjustment system.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the age-related changes between neurons and neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the age-related changes between...

Question 18

Contrary to a previously held popular belief, persist in the adult brain and can regenerate throughout the life span.

Accepted Answer

A)   synapses
B)   neurons
C)   white matter
D)   neural stem cells

Question 19

Across the research, the typical finding is that older adults have reduced brain activity in the areas when compared with younger adults.

Accepted Answer

A)   prefrontal and temporal
B)   cerebellum and cortex
C)   corpus callosum
D)   limbic system

Question 20

Older adults sometimes show reduced activation of appropriate prefrontal regions. At other times, they show the same or greater recruitment of these areas, when compared with younger adults, depending on the task they are doing. This indicates that prefrontal recruitment is

Accepted Answer

A)   unpredictable.
B)   impossible to measure.
C)   predictable in younger adults but unpredictable in older adults.
D)   context dependent.

Exam 2: Neuroscience As a Basis for Adult Development