Question 1

Research findings have shown an association between bilateral activation in older adults and performance in memory tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  Long-term 
B)  Sensory 
C)  Working 
D)  Semantic

Question 2

The neuroimaging techniques used most is near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIRSI).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Supplementary processes take place when different brain regions are activated to compensate for lacking or insufficient processing resources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Neuroscience has brought an important perspective to studying cognitive aging. Specifically, it has

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed us to find a cure for Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  given us ways to test our theories of brain-behavior relations. 
C)  showed us how to reverse cognitive decline in elderly individuals. 
D)  given us ways to eliminate free radicals.

Question 5

Which region of the brain is implicated in emotional processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebellum 
B)  Sensorimotor area 
C)  Lateral cortex 
D)  Prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Which area of neuroscience has revolutionized our understanding of the relationships between the brain and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic theory 
B)  Social cognitive theory 
C)  Neuroimaging 
D)  Molecular anatomy

Question 7

Research methods that focus on understanding age-related changes in the brain can help explain why certain __________ functions are preserved into old age.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  muscle 
C)  physical health 
D)  sensory

Question 8

Structural brain changes have been linked to executive function. For example, age-related declines in may affect white matter structures, which underlie all the areas important to executive functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin 
B)  the functioning of blood vessels 
C)  cognitive abilities 
D)  unilateralization

Question 9

Research by Winecoff and colleagues (2011) indicates that as cognitive abilities decline, people may be less able to , a pattern typical in diseases such as dementia.

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore irrelevant information 
B)  learn new tasks 
C)  hold as many pieces of information in working memory at one time 
D)  regulate their emotions

Question 10

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  making plans. 
B)  monitoring internal temperature. 
C)  carrying out plans. 
D)  switching between tasks.

Question 11

Advances in ___________________________ allow us to adequately test conditions under which age-related __________ change in the brain is associated with decline, compensation, or even improvement in functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroscientific methods; structural 
B)  neuropsychological methods; structural 
C)  neuroscientific methods; functional 
D)  neuropsychological methods; functional

Question 12

Bone fractures and tumors, in the brain are typically detected by the use of functional neuroimaging.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What is the default network of the brain and how is it related to poorer performance of cognitive tasks in older adults?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the default network of the...

Question 14

To explore brain-related factors that might explain age differences in cognitive functioning, a researcher may use a(n) ______________ to examine how changes in brain activity occur in correspondence with changes in task demands.

Accepted Answer

A)  EEG 
B)  MRI 
C)  fMRI 
D)  eMRI

Question 15

The are involved in higher-order executive functions such as the ability to make and carry out plans, switch between tasks, and maintain attention and focus.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum and hippocampus 
B)  prefrontal and frontal cortex 
C)  hippocampus and limbic system 
D)  cerebellum and amygdala

Question 16

When examining bilateral prefrontal engagement of older adults, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older adults show less prefrontal bilateral activity during working memory tasks than younger adults. 
B)  Low-performing older adults show left-lateralized activation during a long-term memory task. 
C)  High-performing older adults show no bilateral prefrontal engagement. 
D)  High-performing older adults show bilateral prefrontal engagement.

Question 17

The hippocampus is intimately involved in various aspects of memory, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnotic memory. 
B)  repressed memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  muscle memory.

Question 18

Even though aging is associated with an overall decrease in the number of new neurons, this differs across regions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Abnormal processing of which neurotransmitter has been implicated in cognitive decline in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serotonin 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Acetylcholine 
D)  Cerebraltonin

Question 20

The field of neuroscience can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of free radicals. 
B)  the study of the compensatory changes that older adults make in adapting to behavioral decline. 
C)  the use of stem cells to generate new neurons. 
D)  the study of the brain, particularly the study of plasticity in the aging brain.

Exam 2: Neuroscience As a Basis for Adult Development

Research findings have shown an association between bilateral activation in older adults and performance in memory tasks.

The neuroimaging techniques used most is near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIRSI).

Supplementary processes take place when different brain regions are activated to compensate for lacking or insufficient processing resources.

Neuroscience has brought an important perspective to studying cognitive aging. Specifically, it has

Which region of the brain is implicated in emotional processing?

Which area of neuroscience has revolutionized our understanding of the relationships between the brain and behavior?

Research methods that focus on understanding age-related changes in the brain can help explain why certain __________ functions are preserved into old age.

Structural brain changes have been linked to executive function. For example, age-related declines in may affect white matter structures, which underlie all the areas important to executive functioning.

Research by Winecoff and colleagues (2011) indicates that as cognitive abilities decline, people may be less able to , a pattern typical in diseases such as dementia.

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT

Advances in _________________ allow us to adequately test conditions under which age-related change in the brain is associated with decline, compensation, or even improvement in functioning.

Bone fractures and tumors, in the brain are typically detected by the use of functional neuroimaging.

What is the default network of the brain and how is it related to poorer performance of cognitive tasks in older adults?

To explore brain-related factors that might explain age differences in cognitive functioning, a researcher may use a(n) ______________ to examine how changes in brain activity occur in correspondence with changes in task demands.

The are involved in higher-order executive functions such as the ability to make and carry out plans, switch between tasks, and maintain attention and focus.

When examining bilateral prefrontal engagement of older adults, which of the following is true?

The hippocampus is intimately involved in various aspects of memory, such as

Even though aging is associated with an overall decrease in the number of new neurons, this differs across regions of the brain.

Abnormal processing of which neurotransmitter has been implicated in cognitive decline in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia?

The field of neuroscience can be defined as