Question 1

Choose two of the following philosophers: Aristotle, Locke, Plato, Rousseau. Describe one similarity and one difference between the two.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose two of the following philosophers: Aristotle,...

Question 2

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 
B)  0.60 
C)  0 
D)  -0.60

Question 3

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  a naturalistic interview 
B)  a structured interview 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  structured observation

Question 4

Which premise is at the foundation of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a hypothesis is repeatedly tested and found incorrect, it must be abandoned. 
B)  Some hypotheses cannot be tested scientifically. 
C)  Beliefs that are plausible to many experts are assumed to be accurate. 
D)  The scientific method is founded on all of these.

Question 5

To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviors, a researcher splits a group of high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an interesting science experiment, and group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. Group A would be the _____ group, and group B would be the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control

Question 6

Crib speech is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstration of the importance of nature on development. 
B)  early indication of schizophrenia. 
C)  phenomenon Freud observed and used as a partial basis for his theory. 
D)  example of an individual's contributions to his or her own development.

Question 7

Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  experimental 
D)  microgenetic

Question 8

The validity of a test refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency of the test. 
B)  extent to which two raters agree on its result. 
C)  degree to which it measures what it is intended to measure. 
D)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behavior.

Question 9

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining

Accepted Answer

A)  continuity and discontinuity in development. 
B)  age differences on a particular variable. 
C)  the processes that produce changes. 
D)  cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 10

Which factor is the GREATEST obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of various disadvantages 
B)  growing up in a single-parent home or without biological parents 
C)  lack of parental involvement in their schooling 
D)  genetic disadvantages

Question 11

In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan 
B)  South Korea 
C)  the United States 
D)  Mexico

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development