Question 1

Ivan Pavlov originally did not study psychological processes, but rather was a:

Accepted Answer

A)  physiologist. 
B)  geologist. 
C)  chemist. 
D)  sociologist.

Question 2

What is operant conditioning and how does it relate to the law of effect? Compare and contrast Thorndike's puzzle boxes with Skinner boxes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is operant conditioning and how does...

Question 3

Which example is MOST associated with a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  giving your dog a treat each time he obeys 
B)  playing a slot machine for the jackpot 
C)  working for a bi-weekly paycheck 
D)  earning frequent-flyer miles

Question 4

A contingency is exemplified by which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  I cannot help that I am a very anxious person especially in social situations. 
B)  If I set my alarm clock 10 minutes fast, then I am on time for my meetings. 
C)  I enjoy spending time with my family over the holidays. 
D)  My favorite outdoor activity is rock climbing.

Question 5

Detail how a researcher can experimentally induce learned helplessness in dogs by using a shuttle box.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detail how a researcher can experimentally induce...

Question 6

Cienna gets paid weekly on Thursdays, and on Friday she checks her bank account to make sure the money is there. Cienna's behavior is BEST described as being influenced by which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 7

Kalama just got a job in an office. She never knows when her boss may come by her cubicle, so she makes sure to always be working, just in case. Which schedule of reinforcement is MOST influencing her behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 8

When extinction takes place, which part of the conditioning process stops occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  the reinforcement 
B)  the unconditioned response 
C)  the conditioned stimulus 
D)  the conditioned response

Question 9

How did John Garcia demonstrate biological preparedness?

Accepted Answer

A)  in dogs, that salivated upon food presentation 
B)  in rats, that pressed levers for food delivery 
C)  in cats, that had to find a way out of a puzzle box 
D)  in rats, that were induced with taste aversions

Question 10

Marcus wants to teach his dog to sit, and he wants his dog to learn the behavior in the fastest manner possible. Based on what you know about schedules of reinforcement, you tell him it would be BEST to use a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermittent 
B)  negative 
C)  partial 
D)  continuous

Question 11

In positive reinforcement, a behavior increases due to the _____ of a(n) _____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  presentation; desirable 
B)  presentation; undesirable 
C)  removal; desirable 
D)  removal; undesirable

Question 12

Garcia's experiments showed that rats would develop a taste aversion when they got sick after tasting sugar water but not if they received an electric shock to their feet after tasting sugar water. Explain how this demonstrates biological preparedness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Garcia's experiments showed that rats would develop...

Question 13

When Sharon purchased her car, she read the car's manual, which included directions on how to change a tire. When she got a flat a few years later, she was able to change the tire much faster than her friend who hadn't previously read the manual. Sharon was exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 14

Compared to Ensha, who grew up in China, Kelley, who grew up in the United States, is _____ likely to find an award for individual achievement as reinforcing.

Accepted Answer

A)  just as 
B)  more 
C)  less 
D)  not at all

Question 15

_____ is the process by which stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus might cause a similar response.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Discrimination 
C)  Generalization 
D)  Acquisition

Question 16

In negative punishment, removal of a(n)_____ stimulus _____ the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

Accepted Answer

A)  undesirable; increases 
B)  undesirable; decreases 
C)  desirable; increases 
D)  desirable; decreases

Question 17

Describe the difference between a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer. Provide an example of each type of reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the difference between a primary reinforcer...

Question 18

Differentiate between partial and continuous reinforcement. Provide an example of each. How does each type impact acquisition and extinction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between partial and continuous reinforcement. Provide...

Question 19

To learn something through _____, you have to personally execute a behavior, but through _____, you learn by seeing other people's behavior and its consequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping; classical conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning; shaping 
C)  observational learning; operant conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning; observational learning

Question 20

Marla moved to a new school and hasn't had much luck making friends. Another new girl in her class smiled at her in first period, so Marla considered saying "hi," but didn't, thinking, "Why bother? No one likes me." Marla's behavior BEST exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  observational learning.

Exam 6: Learning

Ivan Pavlov originally did not study psychological processes, but rather was a:

What is operant conditioning and how does it relate to the law of effect? Compare and contrast Thorndike's puzzle boxes with Skinner boxes.

Which example is MOST associated with a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?

A contingency is exemplified by which statement?

Detail how a researcher can experimentally induce learned helplessness in dogs by using a shuttle box.

Cienna gets paid weekly on Thursdays, and on Friday she checks her bank account to make sure the money is there. Cienna's behavior is BEST described as being influenced by which type of reinforcement schedule?

Kalama just got a job in an office. She never knows when her boss may come by her cubicle, so she makes sure to always be working, just in case. Which schedule of reinforcement is MOST influencing her behavior?

When extinction takes place, which part of the conditioning process stops occurring?

How did John Garcia demonstrate biological preparedness?

Marcus wants to teach his dog to sit, and he wants his dog to learn the behavior in the fastest manner possible. Based on what you know about schedules of reinforcement, you tell him it would be BEST to use a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement.

In positive reinforcement, a behavior increases due to the _ of a(n) _ stimulus.

Garcia's experiments showed that rats would develop a taste aversion when they got sick after tasting sugar water but not if they received an electric shock to their feet after tasting sugar water. Explain how this demonstrates biological preparedness.

When Sharon purchased her car, she read the car's manual, which included directions on how to change a tire. When she got a flat a few years later, she was able to change the tire much faster than her friend who hadn't previously read the manual. Sharon was exhibiting:

Compared to Ensha, who grew up in China, Kelley, who grew up in the United States, is _____ likely to find an award for individual achievement as reinforcing.

_____ is the process by which stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus might cause a similar response.

In negative punishment, removal of a(n) _ stimulus _ the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

Describe the difference between a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer. Provide an example of each type of reinforcer.

Differentiate between partial and continuous reinforcement. Provide an example of each. How does each type impact acquisition and extinction?

To learn something through _, you have to personally execute a behavior, but through _, you learn by seeing other people's behavior and its consequences.

Marla moved to a new school and hasn't had much luck making friends. Another new girl in her class smiled at her in first period, so Marla considered saying "hi," but didn't, thinking, "Why bother? No one likes me." Marla's behavior BEST exemplifies:

Exam 6: Learning

Ivan Pavlov originally did not study psychological processes, but rather was a:

What is operant conditioning and how does it relate to the law of effect? Compare and contrast Thorndike's puzzle boxes with Skinner boxes.

Which example is MOST associated with a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?

A contingency is exemplified by which statement?

Detail how a researcher can experimentally induce learned helplessness in dogs by using a shuttle box.

Cienna gets paid weekly on Thursdays, and on Friday she checks her bank account to make sure the money is there. Cienna's behavior is BEST described as being influenced by which type of reinforcement schedule?

Kalama just got a job in an office. She never knows when her boss may come by her cubicle, so she makes sure to always be working, just in case. Which schedule of reinforcement is MOST influencing her behavior?

When extinction takes place, which part of the conditioning process stops occurring?

How did John Garcia demonstrate biological preparedness?

Marcus wants to teach his dog to sit, and he wants his dog to learn the behavior in the fastest manner possible. Based on what you know about schedules of reinforcement, you tell him it would be BEST to use a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement.

In positive reinforcement, a behavior increases due to the _____ of a(n) _____ stimulus.

Garcia's experiments showed that rats would develop a taste aversion when they got sick after tasting sugar water but not if they received an electric shock to their feet after tasting sugar water. Explain how this demonstrates biological preparedness.

When Sharon purchased her car, she read the car's manual, which included directions on how to change a tire. When she got a flat a few years later, she was able to change the tire much faster than her friend who hadn't previously read the manual. Sharon was exhibiting:

Compared to Ensha, who grew up in China, Kelley, who grew up in the United States, is _____ likely to find an award for individual achievement as reinforcing.

_____ is the process by which stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus might cause a similar response.

In negative punishment, removal of a(n) _____ stimulus _____ the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

Describe the difference between a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer. Provide an example of each type of reinforcer.

Differentiate between partial and continuous reinforcement. Provide an example of each. How does each type impact acquisition and extinction?

To learn something through _____, you have to personally execute a behavior, but through _____, you learn by seeing other people's behavior and its consequences.

Marla moved to a new school and hasn't had much luck making friends. Another new girl in her class smiled at her in first period, so Marla considered saying "hi," but didn't, thinking, "Why bother? No one likes me." Marla's behavior BEST exemplifies:

In positive reinforcement, a behavior increases due to the _ of a(n) _ stimulus.

In negative punishment, removal of a(n) _ stimulus _ the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

To learn something through _, you have to personally execute a behavior, but through _, you learn by seeing other people's behavior and its consequences.