Question 1

What forms the basis for much of human learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  imitation of others 
B)  genetic programming 
C)  learning by trial and error 
D)  self-exploration

Question 2

Which term refers to an infant's "ooh" and "ah" sounds, which are linked to joy or enthusiasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive cries 
B)  cooing 
C)  babbling 
D)  echolalia

Question 3

How can infants' and children's language development be enhanced?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can infants' and children's language development...

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of tertiary circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trial and error is still used until an action accomplishes the goal. 
B)  Trial and error is not needed. 
C)  The child will give up if something does not work the first time. 
D)  The child will not follow an object that is out of sight.

Question 5

What has research taught us about infant memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants can remember only after 6 months of age. 
B)  Infants can memorize things after only one exposure. 
C)  Infants demonstrate memory for experiences they had in utero. 
D)  Infants do not demonstrate reliable memory until approximately 3 months of age.

Question 6

Piaget closely observed the activities of children and noted that they tend to experiment with the environment. Because of this behaviour, what did Piaget consider children to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists 
B)  copiers 
C)  comedians 
D)  students

Question 7

Parents can influence babbling through simple acts of reinforcement such as smiling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What would Piaget consider to be a stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the logical operations stage 
B)  the sensorimotor stage 
C)  the concordance operations stage 
D)  the neuromotor stage

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a specific nominal?

Accepted Answer

A)  boy 
B)  fire truck 
C)  brown dog 
D)  Mr. Rogers

Question 10

What substage of sensorimotor development serves as a transition to the symbolic thought of the next stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tertiary circular reaction substage 
B)  the secondary circular reaction substage 
C)  the coordination of secondary schemas substage 
D)  the invention of new means through mental combinations substage

Question 11

According to B.F. Skinner, some parents require that children's utterances of words be progressively closer to actual words before those words are reinforced. What term describes this language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  expressive vocabulary 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  grammatical construction

Question 12

At 18 months of age, Ben could speak approximately 50 words. However, by 22 months of age, his vocabulary had increased to almost 300 words, most of which were nouns. What term describes Ben's most recent language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the referential style 
B)  the naming explosion 
C)  the expressive explosion 
D)  the specific nominal explosion

Question 13

Research on infant memory has shown that newborns adjust their rate of sucking to hear a recording of their mother reading a story she had read aloud during the last weeks of pregnancy,

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Infants are unable to imitate others' behaviours until 6 months of age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Approximately 30% of Canadians report that they speak two languages at home.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why do we assess infant intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that bright children start school early 
B)  to screen for problems so that compensations can be made 
C)  because the assessments lead to accurate developmental predictions 
D)  to ensure follow-up parent capacity assessments are completed

Question 17

A 2007 study of children aged 8 to 16 months concluded that infants exposed to baby DVDs scored lower on language development than children with no screen time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following children is coordinating secondary schemas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Martha is engaging in purposeful movements. 
B)  Geoff is engaging in most repetitions of behaviours by accident. 
C)  Alyssa can differentiate between how to achieve a goal and the goal itself. 
D)  Johnny engages in deliberate trial-and-error actions to learn how things work.

Question 19

Which perspective suggests that parents serve as models for the language development of their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  the maturational perspective 
B)  the social cognitive perspective 
C)  the Skinnerian learning theory perspective 
D)  the Piagetian cognitive-developmental perspective

Question 20

When children accommodate, they create new schemas for the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development

What forms the basis for much of human learning?

Which term refers to an infant's "ooh" and "ah" sounds, which are linked to joy or enthusiasm?

How can infants' and children's language development be enhanced?

Which of the following is a characteristic of tertiary circular reactions?

What has research taught us about infant memory?

Piaget closely observed the activities of children and noted that they tend to experiment with the environment. Because of this behaviour, what did Piaget consider children to be?

Parents can influence babbling through simple acts of reinforcement such as smiling.

What would Piaget consider to be a stage of cognitive development?

Which of the following is an example of a specific nominal?

What substage of sensorimotor development serves as a transition to the symbolic thought of the next stage?

According to B.F. Skinner, some parents require that children's utterances of words be progressively closer to actual words before those words are reinforced. What term describes this language development?

At 18 months of age, Ben could speak approximately 50 words. However, by 22 months of age, his vocabulary had increased to almost 300 words, most of which were nouns. What term describes Ben's most recent language development?

Research on infant memory has shown that newborns adjust their rate of sucking to hear a recording of their mother reading a story she had read aloud during the last weeks of pregnancy,

Infants are unable to imitate others' behaviours until 6 months of age.

Approximately 30% of Canadians report that they speak two languages at home.

Why do we assess infant intelligence?

A 2007 study of children aged 8 to 16 months concluded that infants exposed to baby DVDs scored lower on language development than children with no screen time.

Which of the following children is coordinating secondary schemas?

Which perspective suggests that parents serve as models for the language development of their children?

When children accommodate, they create new schemas for the world.