Question 1

Grouping together objects that have similar appearances is referred to as _____ categorization.

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual 
B) manifestation 
C) picture 
D) observation

Question 2

The understanding that objects can be counted left to right, right to left, or in any other order represents

Accepted Answer

A) one-one correspondence. 
B) stable order. 
C) cardinality. 
D) order irrelevance.

Question 3

The understanding that each object must be labelled by a single number word represents

Accepted Answer

A) one-one correspondence. 
B) stable order. 
C) cardinality. 
D) order relevance.

Question 4

Empiricists would consider which finding to be evidence for their position on the development of numerical perception?

Accepted Answer

A) The intraparietal sulcus is deeply involved in representing numerical magnitude. 
B) There are large cultural differences in children's numerical understanding. 
C) Specific neurons respond most strongly when a particular number of objects is displayed. 
D) There is a genetic tendency to learn numerical representations of objects in space.

Question 5

When 7-year-old Jacob is asked why giraffes came to exist, he is MOST likely to use _____ in his explanation.

Accepted Answer

A) a physical process 
B) a biological process 
C) a purpose 
D) magic

Question 6

Amanda has autism spectrum disorder. She is NOT likely to have trouble with

Accepted Answer

A) showing concern for people when they are distressed. 
B) interacting with other people. 
C) false-belief problems. 
D) spending time by herself.

Question 7

In the study discussed in the text in which 9- to 11-month-old infants were shown a series of actions and then given opportunities to reproduce the actions, _____ was necessary for the infants to reproduce the actions accurately.

Accepted Answer

A) a causal relationship amongst the actions 
B) prior experience with the objects 
C) practice reproducing the actions 
D) an opportunity to crawl to the objects on their own

Question 8

The spatial thought of 3-month-old infants can be based on

Accepted Answer

A) vision. 
B) hearing. 
C) either vision or hearing. 
D) neither vision nor hearing.

Question 9

The most specific level within a category hierarchy is called a _____ level.

Accepted Answer

A) subordinate 
B) perceptual 
C) basic 
D) superordinate

Question 10

Jane, an 18-month-old, is pretending to put on makeup using a small block as her lipstick. Jane is

Accepted Answer

A) demonstrating a false belief. 
B) engaging in object substitution. 
C) demonstrating her underdeveloped theory of mind. 
D) engaging in sociodramatic play.

Question 11

_____ is the realization that all sets of N objects have something in common.

Accepted Answer

A) Numeric arithmetic 
B) Counting 
C) Abstraction 
D) Numerical equality

Question 12

Which category would be considered by researchers to be a child-created basic category that is likely to disappear as the child matures?

Accepted Answer

A) objects with wheels 
B) food 
C) objects that make you cool 
D) places we go

Question 13

Which factor is NOT a principle underlying counting that preschoolers have acquired?

Accepted Answer

A) one-one correspondence 
B) stable order 
C) cardinality 
D) order relevance

Question 14

The Lourenco and Longo study in which a particular decoration was associated with either the larger or the smaller of two displays demonstrated that infants have a

Accepted Answer

A) specific concept of number. 
B) specific concept of time. 
C) specific concept of space. 
D) general magnitude concept.

Question 15

When 12-month-olds saw an experimenter look at and demonstrate an interest in one of two toy stuffed kittens, they

Accepted Answer

A) were surprised when the experimenter then held the other kitten. 
B) were not surprised when the experimenter then held the other kitten. 
C) were surprised when the experimenter held that kitten. 
D) responded similarly no matter which kitten the experimenter held.

Question 16

On which statement would nativists and empiricists NOT agree?

Accepted Answer

A) Certain parts of the brain are specialized for coding certain types of spatial information. 
B) Infants have an understanding of rudimentary spatial concepts. 
C) Self-locomotion promotes processing of spatial information. 
D) Language and other cultural tools shape spatial development.

Question 17

How do preschool-age children engage in causal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do preschool-age children engage in causal...

Question 18

The parents of Elizabeth, a 2-year-old, are trying to teach her what hammers are. Which action would be MOST likely to help her learn this new category?

Accepted Answer

A) describing what hammers look like 
B) showing her a nail 
C) demonstrating what hammers do 
D) showing her a range of atypical hammers

Question 19

The finding that babies smile less at rabbits than they do at people indicates that they

Accepted Answer

A) can distinguish between animals and inanimate objects. 
B) can differentiate between people and other animals. 
C) know that animals and humans both belong to the category of living things. 
D) have all of these skills.

Question 20

The understanding that the number of objects in the set corresponds to the last number stated represents

Accepted Answer