Question 1

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the CS related

Accepted Answer

A) They are not related; they are completely different stimuli. 
B) They are the same thing; the terms are interchangeable. 
C) The neutral stimulus becomes the CS. 
D) The CS becomes a neutral stimulus.

Question 2

Imagine that you graphed the cumulative number of bar-press responses over time of four rats, each reinforced on a different one of the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement. Each rat's behavior is graphed on a separate line. The line with the greatest slope should be that displaying the behavior of the rat reinforced on the ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio

Question 3

As compared to behaviors reinforced on continuous schedules, behaviors reinforced intermittently are _______ resistant to extinction.

Accepted Answer

A) more 
B) slightly less 
C) equally 
D) much less

Question 4

Which of the following best defines latent learning

Accepted Answer

A) Learning by observing the behavior of others 
B) Learning as a result of unconscious reinforcement 
C) Learning not demonstrated until there is a motivation to do so 
D) Learning as a result of unconscious conditioning

Question 5

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) observational learning 
C) latent learning 
D) insight

Question 6

Operant conditioning is based on forming associations between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following expressions best captures the meaning of the term outcomes

Accepted Answer

A) (positive reinforcers + positive punishers) - (negative punishers + negative reinforcers) 
B) (positive reinforcers - negative reinforcers) 
C) (positive reinforcers + negative punishers) - (positive punishers + negative reinforcers) 
D) (positive reinforcers + negative reinforcers) - (positive punishers + negative punishers)

Question 8

In the terminology of classical conditioning, a consumer's positive response to a product is usually an unconditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In general, _________ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates. The highest rates are produced by _______ schedules.

Accepted Answer

A) interval; variable-interval 
B) interval; fixed-interval 
C) ratio; variable-ratio 
D) ratio; fixed-ratio

Question 10

Your text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the _____ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.

Accepted Answer

A) expected reward 
B) unexpected reward 
C) no reward 
D) A and C.

Question 11

Pauses in responding are most pronounced following reinforcement in ________schedules.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio

Question 12

In the prisoner's dilemma game, a __________ is used to express the potential outcomes for each of the players in the game, given the decisions each player makes.

Accepted Answer

A) decision matrix 
B) cost-benefit table 
C) reinforcement grid 
D) payoff matrix

Question 13

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that normally triggers a naturally occurring response is termed the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The use of fear in advertisements is largely ineffective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The differences between competing varieties of toothpaste are small and consumers spend little time weighing the available toothpaste options. By contrast, there are sizeable differences between computer operating systems, and people consider the alternatives carefully. Based on this information, which of the following statements is probably the most reasonable with respect to the effectiveness of classical conditioning principles in advertising toothpaste on the one hand, and computer operating systems on the other

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning principles would be highly effective in advertising both types of products. 
B) Classical conditioning principles would be not be effective in advertising either type of product. 
C) Classical conditioning principles would be more effective in advertising computer operating systems than in advertising toothpaste. 
D) Classical conditioning principles would be more effective in advertising toothpaste than in advertising computer operating systems.

Question 16

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but by a similar one as well. This is known as stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A) control 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) diffusion

Question 17

Dr. Arceneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is INCORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule

Accepted Answer

A) 1 bonus point for every two online practice quizzes completed-fixed-ratio 
B) 1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks if two or more quizzes have been completed-fixed-interval 
C) 1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks on average if two or more quizzes have been completed recently-variable-ratio 
D) All of the above are correctly matched.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B) Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents confiscated his iPod. 
C) Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D) Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Question 19

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which cognitive learning theorist is CORRECTLY matched with the concept with which he is associated

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura - latent learning 
B) Tolman - insight 
C) Köhler - observational learning 
D) Skinner - operant conditioning

Exam 7: Learning

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the CS related

As compared to behaviors reinforced on continuous schedules, behaviors reinforced intermittently are _______ resistant to extinction.

Which of the following best defines latent learning

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

Operant conditioning is based on forming associations between stimuli.

Which of the following expressions best captures the meaning of the term outcomes

In the terminology of classical conditioning, a consumer's positive response to a product is usually an unconditioned response.

In general, ___ schedules of reinforcement yield high response rates. The highest rates are produced by _ schedules.

Pauses in responding are most pronounced following reinforcement in ________schedules.

In the prisoner's dilemma game, a __________ is used to express the potential outcomes for each of the players in the game, given the decisions each player makes.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that normally triggers a naturally occurring response is termed the unconditioned stimulus.

The use of fear in advertisements is largely ineffective.

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but by a similar one as well. This is known as stimulus:

Dr. Arceneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is INCORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative reinforcement

Negative reinforcement weakens behavior.

Which cognitive learning theorist is CORRECTLY matched with the concept with which he is associated