Question 1

Sometimes, when each individual acts in his or her own self-interest, the group as a whole ultimately suffers negative consequences: Such a situation is termed a(n) ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sometimes, when each individual acts in his...

Question 2

Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) A café prints "You are a winner" on a random one-twelfth of its coffee lids; patrons receiving such a lid can redeem it for a free beverage. 
B) A café offers its customers a punch card.Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron receives a free beverage. 
C) A café offers each patron an early morning two-for-one free-beverage-with-purchase deal from 5 to 6 a.m.on Monday mornings. 
D) Now and then, a café announces a two-for-one deal.

Question 3

A particular automobile is prominently advertised during a popular television talent competition. In the language of classical conditioning, viewers' liking for the car reflects a(n) _________ response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A particular automobile is prominently advertised during...

Question 4

Sometimes when we call a customer service center, we are put on hold; we do not know how long it will be before our holding behavior is reinforced by the response of an associate, and it doesn't matter what we do in the meantime. Holding is reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 5

Operant conditioning has been applied to:

Accepted Answer

A) motivate employees 
B) help parents toilet train children 
C) improve functioning among the developmentally disabled 
D) A, B, and C

Question 6

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Many people want to have cheap gasoline and drive their cars as much as they want. But this behavior reduces the overall supply of gasoline and makes prices go up for everyone. This situation represents which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) A decision matrix 
B) A social dilemma 
C) A reinforcement tradeoff 
D) A conditioning paradox

Question 8

_________ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears...

Question 9

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener, but not when a blender is used. June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A) control 
B) extinction 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 10

Stimulus is to response as _________ is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) mind; body 
B) conditioning; learning 
C) environment; behavior 
D) behavior; environment

Question 11

Tolman's work suggests that learning may occur even when behavior is not directly reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which cognitive learning theorist is CORRECTLY matched with the concept with which he is associated

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura - observational learning 
B) Tolman - insight learning 
C) Skinner - classical conditioning 
D) Thorndike - insight learning

Question 13

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination

Accepted Answer

A) They are unrelated. 
B) They are opposites. 
C) They are the same thing. 
D) Stimulus discrimination is a type of stimulus generalization.

Question 14

Dr. Arceneaux wants his students to take advantage of online practice quizzes on his course site. Which of the following is the LEAST effective plan to increase the number of practice quizzes completed

Accepted Answer

A) 1 bonus point for every 2 online practice quizzes completed 
B) 5 points deducted from course total if no quizzes are completed 
C) 1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks if 2 or more quizzes have been completed 
D) 1 bonus point awarded every now and then (about 2 weeks on average) if 2 or more quizzes have been completed recently

Question 15

Two prisoners are being separately interrogated by the police. The prisoners must decide whether or not to confess to a crime. In this prisoner's dilemma the choice with the highest outcome for the prisoners is to

Accepted Answer

A) confess 
B) not confess 
C) confess, but only if the other prisoner does not confess 
D) confess, but only if the other prisoner also confesses

Question 16

Tim loves dill pickles. Now, the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

A) CS 
B) US 
C) neutral stimulus 
D) CR

Question 17

Which of the following defines conditioned stimulus (CS)

Accepted Answer

A) Something that naturally creates a response 
B) Something that creates a response only after conditioning 
C) A naturally-occurring behavior 
D) A behavior that is acquired

Question 18

Somewhat paradoxically, the use of reward can decrease students' interest in a task or assignment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of as ________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) neutral 
B) unconditioned 
C) second-order 
D) conditioned

Question 20

Two prisoners are being separately interrogated by the police. The prisoners must decide whether or not to confess to a crime. In the prisoner's dilemma the choice to confess is the _____ choice.

Accepted Answer

A) cooperative 
B) competitive 
C) positively reinforcing 
D) negatively reinforcing

Exam 7: Learning

Sometimes, when each individual acts in his or her own self-interest, the group as a whole ultimately suffers negative consequences: Such a situation is termed a(n) ___________.

Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

A particular automobile is prominently advertised during a popular television talent competition. In the language of classical conditioning, viewers' liking for the car reflects a(n) _________ response.

Sometimes when we call a customer service center, we are put on hold; we do not know how long it will be before our holding behavior is reinforced by the response of an associate, and it doesn't matter what we do in the meantime. Holding is reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Operant conditioning has been applied to:

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

Many people want to have cheap gasoline and drive their cars as much as they want. But this behavior reduces the overall supply of gasoline and makes prices go up for everyone. This situation represents which of the following

_________ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener, but not when a blender is used. June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

Stimulus is to response as _ is to __.

Tolman's work suggests that learning may occur even when behavior is not directly reinforced.

Which cognitive learning theorist is CORRECTLY matched with the concept with which he is associated

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination

Dr. Arceneaux wants his students to take advantage of online practice quizzes on his course site. Which of the following is the LEAST effective plan to increase the number of practice quizzes completed

Two prisoners are being separately interrogated by the police. The prisoners must decide whether or not to confess to a crime. In this prisoner's dilemma the choice with the highest outcome for the prisoners is to

Tim loves dill pickles. Now, the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n) _________.

Which of the following defines conditioned stimulus (CS)

Somewhat paradoxically, the use of reward can decrease students' interest in a task or assignment.

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of as ________ stimuli.

Two prisoners are being separately interrogated by the police. The prisoners must decide whether or not to confess to a crime. In the prisoner's dilemma the choice to confess is the _____ choice.