Question 1

The relation between viewing television violence and behaving aggressively is weak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Bandura's research on modeling aggressive behavior using Bobo dolls showed which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) modeling could decrease aggressive behavior in some conditions 
B) boys modeled more than girls 
C) modeling could teach children new behaviors 
D) modeling had little influence on behavior

Question 3

Perhaps the most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

Accepted Answer

A) Freud 
B) Tolman 
C) Pavlov 
D) Skinner

Question 4

Thorndike's notion that successful responses are stamped in by experience may be seen as an early statement of Skinner's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 5

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

Accepted Answer

A) consequences 
B) reward 
C) effect 
D) reinforcement

Question 6

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) positive 
C) unconditioned 
D) reflexive

Question 7

Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the appearance of a lab assistant with the sight of food. This suggests that classical conditioning involves an association between:

Accepted Answer

A) a stimulus and either another stimulus or a response 
B) a stimulus and a response 
C) two responses 
D) two stimuli

Question 8

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient a researcher would most likely obtain between scores on a measure of exposure to media violence and scores on a measure of aggressive behavior

Accepted Answer

A) .00 
B) .30 
C) .80 
D) 1.00

Question 9

_________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Instrumental conditioning

Question 10

In ___________ conditioning, an existing CS may serve as a US in a pairing with a new CS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ___________ conditioning, an existing CS may...

Question 11

Vending machine is to slot machine as ____________ reinforcement is to __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous; intermittent 
B) intermittent; continuous 
C) partial; intermittent 
D) positive; negative

Question 12

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks, like rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) internal navigator 
B) mental GPS 
C) mental model 
D) cognitive map

Question 13

Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

A) maturation 
B) development 
C) learning 
D) perception

Question 14

Positive reinforcement is a more effective way to modify behavior than is punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative punishment

Accepted Answer

A) Astrid takes away her daughter's cell phone when she misbehaves. 
B) Carly yells at her husband when he comes home late. 
C) Jim makes his students run extra laps when they are unruly in gym class. 
D) Kevin works as much overtime as he can for the extra pay.

Question 16

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A) is the same thing as punishment 
B)  leads to an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed 
D) is the same thing as secondary reinforcement

Question 17

In Pavlov's study, the US was _______; the neutral stimulus was _________; and, finally, the CS was _________.

Accepted Answer

A) meat; the bell; meat 
B) the bell; the bell; meat 
C) the bell; meat; meat 
D) meat; the bell; the bell

Question 18

Punishment is a ________ effective learning mechanism than is reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment is a ________ effective learning mechanism...

Question 19

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement - Harvey can't go to the senior class party 
B) negative reinforcement - Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew 
C) positive punishment - When Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse, her mother yells at her 
D) negative punishment - Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performance

Question 20

Recall Watson's famous "Give me a dozen healthy infants . . ." passage, quoted in your text. The passage expresses Watson's belief on the importance of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) nature 
B) classical conditioning 
C) nurture 
D) conscious processes

Exam 7: Learning