Question 1

According to the research of Weigelt et al.(2015), children diagnosed with which of the following showed delayed development in facial recognition, as compared to typically developing children of the same age?

Accepted Answer

A) autism 
B) Down syndrome 
C) failure-to-thrive 
D) auditory deficits

Question 2

Depth cue abilities emerge at different ages.What is the correct developmental sequence for these depth cue categories, from youngest to oldest?

Accepted Answer

A) pictorial cues/binocular cues/kinetic cues 
B) pictorial cues/kinetic cues/binocular cues 
C) binocular cues/pictorial cues/kinetic cues 
D) kinetic cues/binocular cues/pictorial cues

Question 3

Identify three potentially harmful side effects of using physical punishment to control behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify three potentially harmful side effects of...

Question 4

Like the development of form perception, an infants' perception of depth, distance, and size constancy appears in response to specific stimuli.What is the common property of these stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) They are stationary. 
B) They rely on monocular cues. 
C) They are reflexive. 
D) They are in motion.

Question 5

Describe three characteristics of the types of visual stimuli that are preferred by young infants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three characteristics of the types of...

Question 6

What does the process of sensation refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy from the environment is detected and transformed into neural signals. 
B) Energy from the environment is selected and interpreted by the brain. 
C) Stimuli from the environment are attended to. 
D) Stimuli from the environment are permanently recorded.

Question 7

Why might elementary school children learn more than preschoolers from the observation of social models?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might elementary school children learn more...

Question 8

During what age range is otitis media most likely to strike?

Accepted Answer

A) birth to 6 months 
B) between 6 months and 3 years 
C) between 3 and 5 years 
D) between 5 and 8 years

Question 9

If you were to compare the number of presentations of a stimulus before habituation occurred for a 1-month-old and a 12-month-old, what would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A) The younger infant would require the same number of presentations, but only in the auditory domain. 
B) The younger infant would require fewer presentations. 
C) The younger child would require many more presentations than the older infant. 
D) The younger child would require fewer presentations than the older child, but only in the auditory domain.

Question 10

Describe the long-term correlates of rapid habituation during early infancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the long-term correlates of rapid habituation...

Question 11

Changes in rate of habituation with age have been attributed to which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A) methodological problems in assessing young infants 
B) learning 
C) sensory fatigue 
D) maturation of the brain

Question 12

In comparison to an adult, how are the neonate's visual capabilities best described?

Accepted Answer

A) as deficient but "working" 
B) as well developed, except for colour vision 
C) as minimal 
D) as well developed in all respects

Question 13

Newborn infants have been shown to imitate simple behaviours.What is the earliest age at which this has been observed?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 1 week 
B) 2 months 
C) 6 months 
D) over 12 months

Question 14

Suppose that you just started working in a daycare for infants.You are concerned with providing auditory and visual stimulation that will be detectable and pleasant for the infants.(a) What are the visual capabilities and preferences of the neonate? of the 2-month-old? (b) What are the auditory capabilities and preferences of the neonate? of the 2-month-old?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that you just started working in...

Question 15

Define intermodal perception, contrast differentiation theory versus enrichment theory with regard to when and how intersensory perception develops and describe evidence consistent and inconsistent with each theory.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Which statement best summarizes the findings of the cross-cultural research conducted by Lynch and his associates regarding auditory perception of musical melodies in 6-month-old American infants?

Accepted Answer

A) They could detect mistuned notes in either a Western or a Javanese melody. 
B) They could detect mistuned notes in a Western melody but not in a Javanese melody. 
C) They could detect mistuned notes in a Javanese melody but not in a Western melody. 
D) They could not detect mistuned notes in either melody, but if the notes were in tune, they detected the Western melody more rapidly.

Question 17

Identify the four possible consequences that follow an operant response and provide an example to illustrate each consequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the four possible consequences that follow...

Question 18

For punishment to be effective, what should it be?

Accepted Answer

A) unexpected 
B) consistent 
C) postponed 
D) physical
Scenario 7.1
Suppose that you borrow your friend's laptop for a week to see whether you want to purchase one yourself.The computer makes a slight whirring sound just before it shuts down automatically due to low battery power.At first you didn't notice the sound and were surprised when the computer shut down.After a few days, however, you now reach for the power cord as soon as you hear the sound.Answer the following questions based upon your knowledge of classical conditioning.

Question 19

Four basic methods of studying infant perception are the preference method, the habituation method, the method of evoked potentials, and the high-amplitude sucking method.Give the procedures for each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four basic methods of studying infant perception...

Question 20

Explain what counterconditioning is, and describe how this process can be used to treat phobias.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

According to the research of Weigelt et al.(2015) , children diagnosed with which of the following showed delayed development in facial recognition, as compared to typically developing children of the same age?