Question 1

Which of the following is true of the active process of inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the inability to prevent oneself from making some cognitive or behavioral response. 
B) It is the process of responding or activating some set of cognitive operations. 
C) It is detrimental to sophisticated thought because it blocks key ideas. 
D) It is often as vital to sophisticated thought as activating some mental mechanism.

Question 2

Children's eventual use of tools to solve problems have their origins in infants'

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation of their physical world. 
B) familiarity with the actions of adults in their world. 
C) desire to have sensory experiences. 
D) formation of goals.

Question 3

Which of the following has not been found to be true of tool use?

Accepted Answer

A) Boys tend to be more motivated than girls to use objects to solve problems. 
B) Girls are less likely than boys to spontaneously use an object to achieve a goal. 
C) Girls are not as capable of using a tool to solve simple problems. 
D) Boys tend to select the correct tool for a task more often than girls.

Question 4

In addition to having a goal, all of the following are steps of problem solving except

Accepted Answer

A) determining obstacles to the goal. 
B) eliminating obstacles to the goal. 
C) developing strategies for overcoming the obstacles. 
D) evaluating the results.

Question 5

How much information one can hold in the short-term store and think about at a time is called

Accepted Answer

A) selective attention. 
B) cognitive flexibility. 
C) resisting interference. 
D) working memory.

Question 6

Children's developmental patterns of speed of processing increase with age for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) mental addition 
B) name retrieval 
C) both mental addition and name retrieval 
D) neither mental addition nor name retrieval

Question 7

One factor that might account for the offset of infantile amnesia may be the development of

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem. 
B) the ego. 
C) self-concept. 
D) identity.

Question 8

Some people, in fact, document the beginning of autobiographical memory with the onset of
infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

All of the following are true of implicit memory except that

Accepted Answer

A) age differences in implicit memory are relatively small. 
B) it is associated with the temporal lobe of the brain. 
C) its memories are not in conscious awareness. 
D) its associated part of the brain develops later that the part(s) associated with explicit memory.

Question 10

According to Barkley, the principal cause of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is deficits in

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral inhibition. 
B) resistance to interference. 
C) memory span. 
D) cognitive reasoning.

Question 11

The speed with which children can identify and articulate ________ is related to the length of their memory span and working-memory span.

Accepted Answer

A) the math problems they were asked to solve 
B) the childhood experiences they remember 
C) words from other languages 
D) the words they are asked to remember

Question 12

Reasoning is a special type of problem solving that usually requires one to make

Accepted Answer

A) an inference. 
B) a decision. 
C) a deduction. 
D) an implication.

Question 13

The main basis for the relationship between knowledge base and strategy use seems to be that

Accepted Answer

A) a strong knowledge base can be applied to all domains. 
B) a strong knowledge base results in effortless processing 
C) a detailed knowledge base results in faster processing of information within a domain 
D) a detailed knowledge base expands mental resources.

Question 14

________ is most critically important to the development of higher-level cognition and to the regulation of one's emotions and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) Working memory 
B) Executive function 
C) Resistance to interference 
D) Memory span

Question 15

Knowledge of one's own thinking is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) reflection. 
B) metacognition. 
C) executive function. 
D) strategy use.

Question 16

Scientific reasoning come easily only to adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

All of the following are true of children's eyewitness memories except

Accepted Answer

A) they typically remember very little when they receive a general request for information. 
B) they recall more information when more specific questions are asked. 
C) the information that young children recall tends to be highly accurate and central to the event if there are no suggestions or coaching. 
D) they are about as accurate as older children and adults to provide descriptions when they are given appropriate prompts.

Question 18

Which of the following seems to be the most important factor in remembering childhood events?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive development 
B) the level of happiness experienced during childhood 
C) the social structure of the family 
D) language development

Question 19

What is the most important factor in determining the accuracy of a child's eyewitness memory?

Accepted Answer

A) the child's emotional state 
B) the child's level of intelligence 
C) the way in which the interview is conducted 
D) the gender of the interviewer

Question 20

According to the fuzzy trace theory, at one extreme are fuzzy traces, while at the other extreme are

Accepted Answer

A) gist traces. 
B) verbatim traces. 
C) vague traces. 
D) degenerated traces.

Exam 8: Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory