Question 1

Mandy is an artist and often uses picture-like internal representations in her thinking. These internal representations are called

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoperceptions. 
B) mental images. 
C) illusions. 
D) sane hallucinations.

Question 2

When Paul's friend offered to set him up on a date with Edie, he agreed until he found out she was a psychologist. He told his friend "No way, I don't want to date a crazy person; all psychologists are crazy." Paul's statement about Edie reflects all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) all-or-nothing thinking. 
B) a connotative meaning of "psychologist." 
C) a denotative meaning of "psychologist." 
D) a social stereotype.

Question 3

Psychologist Nalini Ambady asked people to watch three 10-second video clips of teachers they did not know and then rate these teachers. Compared to the year-end course evaluations made by actual students in the course, these intuitive ratings by these experimental participants

Accepted Answer

A) showed a negative (inverse)correlation. 
B) showed a positive correlation. 
C) showed a zero correlation. 
D) set up a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 4

If one ignores the base rate when making a decision, it usually leads to

Accepted Answer

A) a valid syllogism. 
B) mental flexibility. 
C) a correct intuition. 
D) an error in judgment.

Question 5

Regarding how to live creatively, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) People who think in conventional ways cannot live intelligent, successful, or fulfilling lives. 
B) Creative thinking can add spice to life and lead to exciting personal insights. 
C) To live creatively, one must start doing more of what you really enjoy and less of what you dislike. 
D) To live more creatively, you must be ready to seek new ways of doing things.

Question 6

When you are thinking creatively, a spirit of discovery prevails, and you are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A) find errors you have made. 
B) find unsolved problems. 
C) think illogically. 
D) think logically.

Question 7

A person who has unusual olfactory experiences when bombarded with the sounds of rock music would be described as having

Accepted Answer

A) sensory overload. 
B) muscular imagery. 
C) eidetic imagery. 
D) synesthesia.

Question 8

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that

Accepted Answer

A) use an algorithmic approach. 
B) use rote-learning strategies. 
C) guarantee success in solving a problem. 
D) reduce the number of alternatives.

Question 9

The word "fruit" is used to represent such foods as apples, pears, and oranges and, as such, would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) algorithm. 
B) heuristic. 
C) prototype. 
D) concept.

Question 10

Which type of meaning is included in the connotative meaning of a word?

Accepted Answer

A) personal 
B) dictionary definition 
C) syntactical 
D) algorithmic

Question 11

Jeff is presented with a picture of a connected block formation and then presented with four pictures of block formations that have the same number of connected blocks but shown from different perspectives. In order for Jeff to select which one of the four perspectives matches the original block formation, he must

Accepted Answer

A) use eidetic imagery. 
B) use visual assimilation. 
C) form a three-dimensional image and rotate it. 
D) retrieve a stored image and utilize it as a disjunctive concept.

Question 12

Regarding the study of words and language, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Studies have shown that words get much of their meaning from context. 
B) The study of the meaning of words and language is called grammar. 
C) The words we use greatly affect how we think about an object or event. 
D) Thinking may occur without language.

Question 13

On a creativity test, you are asked to list all the uses of a paper clip. Your total number of uses listed would be your__________ score.

Accepted Answer

A) flexibility 
B) fluency 
C) originality 
D) novelty

Question 14

When we rate words or concepts on dimensions, such as good\bad, strong\weak, and active\passive, we are measuring the connotative meaning of the words or concepts by using which approach?

Accepted Answer

A) random search strategy 
B) semantic differential 
C) phonemic differential 
D) cross-stimulation effect

Question 15

One of the most important barriers to problem solving that involves the tendency to get "hung up" on wrong solutions or becoming blind to alternatives is called

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition. 
B) fixation. 
C) conditional thinking. 
D) incubation.

Question 16

Functional fixedness, or conventions about uses or meanings, fall under the category of which barrier to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) cultural 
B) learned 
C) perceptual 
D) emotional

Question 17

Claudia's failure to see that a trash bag would make an excellent makeshift raincoat is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) mental consolidation. 
B) retroactive interference. 
C) functional fixedness. 
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 18

Quick, impulsive thought that does not typically make use of formal logic or clear reasoning describes

Accepted Answer

A) the thinking process of people who are geniuses. 
B) deductive thinking. 
C) intuition. 
D) inductive thinking.

Question 19

In solving a complex math problem, Sarah proceeds from the given information in the problem to new conclusions on the basis of explicit mathematical rules she has learned in class. Sarah is using __________ thought.

Accepted Answer

A) divergent 
B) logical 
C) creative 
D) illogical

Question 20

Within only a few seconds, Ana determines that she does not wish to be at this fraternity party and makes a hasty exit back to her dorm. This immediate, intuitive reaction of Ana's is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the "AHA! experience." 
B) "thin-slicing." 
C) protective displacement. 
D) proxemics.

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity