Question 1

Framing decisions narrowly

Accepted Answer

A) greatly increases the risk of making a poor choice. 
B) greatly increases your chances of making a good choice. 
C) helps individuals think more critically and analytically. 
D) prevents intuitive thinking.

Question 2

Although there is a 50 percent divorce rate, people still readily get married every year. These decisions probably would not occur if people did not

Accepted Answer

A) ignore the base rate. 
B) use the representative heuristic. 
C) frame this event very broadly. 
D) use a random search strategy for making decisions.

Question 3

The essence of brainstorming is that

Accepted Answer

A) mental sets are formed early in the problem-solving process. 
B) convergent thinking is used first and then divergent thinking. 
C) producing and evaluating ideas are kept separate. 
D) a narrow framing of the problem is used.

Question 4

Carol is given a beautiful, but unique glass container with a curved handle. Whether she decides that this container is a decorative vase, bowl, or cup will likely be determined by her comparison of this container to

Accepted Answer

A) prototypes. 
B) semantic differentials. 
C) a series of negative instances. 
D) algorithms.

Question 5

Dr. Selman is using a method in her class that encourages creative thinking and that involves having the students to produce as many ideas as possible without fear of criticism. Dr. Selman is using

Accepted Answer

A) brainstorming. 
B) groupthink. 
C) the representativeness heuristic. 
D) a mental set.

Question 6

Dr. Ramen is using a method for encouraging creative thinking that separates the production and evaluation of the ideas. Dr. Ramen is using __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Ramen is using a method for...

Question 7

Tony is using the strong-weak dimension of the semantic differential to rate various advertising words. This dimension is closely related to these words' __________ meaning.

Accepted Answer

A) disjunctive 
B) conjunctive 
C) connotative 
D) denotative

Question 8

Jeremy's psychology professor has just assigned a term paper, and Jeremy must select a topic and define the important dimensions of this project. At this point, Jeremy is in which stage of creative thought?

Accepted Answer

A) verification 
B) preparation 
C) orientation 
D) incubation

Question 9

Language is termed productive if it

Accepted Answer

A) allows for communication of thoughts and ideas. 
B) is capable of generating new ideas and possibilities. 
C) increases one's adaptation to a changing environment. 
D) provides a set of rules for making sounds into words and words into sentences.

Question 10

The subjective, personal meaning of a word or concept is its __________ meaning.

Accepted Answer

A) relational 
B) categorical 
C) connotative 
D) denotative

Question 11

When problem solving, if you cannot reach a goal directly, try to identify an intermediate goal or subproblem that at least gets you closer. This advice best illustrates the use of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) algorithm. 
B) heuristic. 
C) mechanical solution. 
D) random search strategy.

Question 12

Discuss five of the typical characteristics of creative persons, including how these characteristics differ from the stereotype of creative people; and explain whether there is any truth to the old saying that "there is a fine line between genius and insanity."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss five of the typical characteristics of...

Question 13

For individuals facing a terminal illness, their decision-making session with doctors and hospice professionals has been referred to as "end-of-life counseling" by some people and "attending a death panel" by others. These differences illustrate how which of the following can influence how we think about various issues?

Accepted Answer

A) prototypes 
B) kinesthetic imagery 
C) connotative meanings 
D) denotative meanings

Question 14

If Jake is like most children, he will learn concepts most readily by

Accepted Answer

A) learning rules. 
B) overregularization. 
C) positive and negative instances. 
D) receiving punishment for his incorrect labeling.

Question 15

The cross-stimulation effect in brainstorming refers to

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning triggering deductive reasoning. 
B) a rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects. 
C) the incubation stage of creative thinking. 
D) the tendency for one person's ideas to trigger another person's ideas.

Question 16

According to Boroditsky, Kuuk Thaayorre, the language of the Cape York Australian aboriginals, relies exclusively on which type of directional references, unlike English?

Accepted Answer

A) absolute 
B) relative 
C) conjunctive 
D) disjunctive

Question 17

When making decisions, emotions, such as fear, hope, anxiety, liking, or disgust can

Accepted Answer

A) eliminate possibilities from consideration and promote possibilities to the top of the list. 
B) help one to become aware of the base rate for the occurrence of a particular event. 
C) help one to think more clearly and firmly about important decisions. 
D) do all of these.

Question 18

Solutions to problems that are based on understanding are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) rapid solution after an unsuccessful attempt. 
B) the discovery of a general approach and then the testing of specific solutions. 
C) habitual modes of thought applied to new situations. 
D) proceeding according to a known set of rules.

Question 19

At first amateur naturalists painfully identify the birds, butterflies, mammals, or plants they find by mechanically searching through published field guides. In time, those who persist begin to identify more and more species from memory and others based on the general properties they have learned through experience. These amateurs who base their identifications on the general properties of the species observed are using which type of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) trial and error 
B) rote 
C) understanding 
D) the use of algorithms

Question 20

When a majority-speaking child is taught a second language, it usually results in

Accepted Answer

A) additive dyslexia. 
B) subtractive bilingualism. 
C) additive bilingualism. 
D) the child becoming less than fluent in both languages.

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity